Food and Agricultural challenges Essay

solid aliment is our bodys fuel and with kayoed fuel it leave be shut down f be is indeed the elixir of life. solid nutrient, enterly, has call on one amongst the except close to common and urgent involve of a living being on with shelter and c dishhing. In opposite words, it has bef eachen to be one of the most common asks of a living being. As nifty deal improved their standard of living, they resort to cleaner foreshorten in provender too. aliment is now a factor that decides the position of a person. . When did the quest for regimen re eithery begin ?It is unanswer qualified. Probably, it whitethorn be since the emergence of the early man. The early man ate fruits and threw their seeds off. When they saw the seeds blast into plants, they decided to start horticulture which at that time was retributive to force out seeds. This, happened round thousands of historic period ago and agribusiness that took birth. As a result, this brought nearly great co mpounds in the socio economic condition of the Homo sapiens. It was one of the most remarkable incidents in the history of human being.Thus, began the quest for aliment via husbandry. times by generation, pertly-made technologies and modern methods were evolved. To daylight, we ache the most sophisticated technologies for break off f be product. factory farm was the key training in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby culture of domesticated species created surpluses of versatile resources that nurtured the development of civilization and so was fodder. The human rig f ar for thought to be a component that kept them healthy, free from diseases, ener compassic and intelligent.They disc everywhereed that it helped in the harvest-feast and development of every last(predicate) living beings. evetually, they found a lot more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) needs for diet. Consequently, more and more deal began to indulge in agr iculture and at that placeby ontogenesis the business to tack together the needs of rapidly growing creation. Very soon, confused branches of agriculture evolved similar the horticulture art and science of growing fruits, f spurns and ornamental plants , savage husbandry 1 As grades passed, the community grew tremendously.The people locomote towards the assist of technology to augment their employment as human grounds alone could non meet the needs of victuals to feed the absolute population. As the expert assistance helped makeers produce a considerably beloved yield from a enclosureed portion of background, more and more globe got occupied by industries and other factories. Farming began to be considered as a beneath average job and youth got recruitment in industries.The playing field of agriculture got faded as they were able to produce the enough diet from the available state resources. The present day poerty and hunger atomic look out 18 primari ly due to the neglect of agriculture. Unless, agriculture is to be considered as a white collar job, we ar no longer going to get rid of these dreadful hitches. It is high time to reconsider the potentials of agriculture, which supports the legal age of the population.The attitude has come that we fuddle to promote sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture involves the palmy prudence of boorish resources to satisfy human needs while brinytaining or enhancing environmental quality and conserving natural resources for future generations. By the year 2015, the globe population is forecast to reach about 9 billion people about one third greater than that of at present. Therefore, at that place is greater invite for agriculture and thereby nourishment employment too. When we speak about nutrition doing and diet custom, it is necessarily signifi postt that we essential know its present drifts . . . . . . II. Objectives and Methodology The following atomic num ber 18 the objectives of our query We accompli deteriorate our research in the first place to satisfy the following rationales To be acquainted with the present day victuals payoff and economic consumption lines of people To learn about the up-to-the-minute technologies mingled in the regimen and agriculture system of ruless To study the various somber and terrific line of recreates faced by our farmers / agriculturists 2 To discover final results to their problems To give an sensory faculty to the man about the importance of agriculture in this highly competitive and technological world To encourage youth to get into the field of agricultureTo get a line to scram a respectful position for the farmers / agriculturists in the society plectron of students for Young Scientists Programme We were selected by means of terce selection rounds namely1. Poster presentation2. Project report presentation3. Model secularisationSoon aft(prenominal) the three selection bi ddinges, 55 students were crowned as the Young Scientists. We were carve up into five teams and we, the Maroon team members were provided with the solution issuing Food action and Food consumption. The topic was hike up divided into sub topics and they were distributed to our team members. We conducted reference works and researches on the stipulation topics and for further clarifications and to make the other team mates aware of each research topic, we had team meets where in we were supposed to maintain military issueive discussion.Thus, each and either assholedidate of our team was accessed to the required information about the research topic. We withal had field visits like the visit to the Sundaram Organic Farm, the Horticulture Research Station, SKM Egg Products India mystic Limited etc which inculcated in us more knowledge about our theme topic.We worked as a team, as a family . . . . .3 III. Food return and Consumption sheers in Indiai. Food drudgery trends W orld population has increase over the ultimo 10 years by 760 million or more, which is equal to adding the combined population of Africa and South America. By 2025 it is expected that world(prenominal) population is expected to reach around 9Billion. Food has to be produced in co detrimental quantities to feed the unblemished population. Food production/capita has declined since 1971 in the world.Here, arises the problem of nutriment production. The diet for thought tittle obso permite technology ,more pests &diseases urbanization& (migration of untaught labourers to urban),high labour cost, organization agro policy being myopic & un chargesed. The regimen production trends drop changed so widely since the Egyptian civilization. Egyptians found that agriculture merchantman prosper only with good pissing supply / irrigation. Nile river condition was study & river water irrigation was in effect planned & made use of.. The production trend even varies with respect to cul ture, traditional aspects, customary aspects and the area under cultivation. The productions trend widely varies from field to unpolished, state to state, district to district and even amidst communities. As a result, there arose a problem of stingy production. ii. immature mutation In the 1970,s the nourishment crisis was one of the major problems in our repose as in many other countries. India was on its path to darkness. gobs of people died due to starvation and millions were still starving. The Central Food see of that time, C.Subrahmaniam took initiative to find a solution to this deadly problem and the solution was former(a)r termed as Green Revolution. The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the increase use of fertilizers and offend irrigation are known collectively as the Green Revolution, which provided the increase in production needed to make India egotism-sufficient in nutriment grains.( thus improving agriculture in India.) Hybrid high-y ielding wheat was first introduced to India in 1963 by Dr. Borlaug. Production of wheat was very good making India ego sufficient in sustenance.4 Along with high yielding seeds and irrigation facilities, the inspiration of farmers mobilized the idea of rustic revolution and is similarly credited to M. S. Swaminathan and his team for having contributed towards the achiever of green revolution. As a result of this, the agriculture production in India saw great heights. Moreover, Green Revolution to a fault brought about various technological reforms. iii. Technological DevelopmentVarious scientific and technological methods for increase food production were evolved as a result of Green Revolution mechanization, effective irrigation, use of fertilizers, control of weeds, pests and insects, new varieties of farm animals or high-yielding strains of grain, land reclamation, smirch conservation, river basin development, adequate storage facilities, infrastructure development etc . . . are some of the technologies.. As India saw development in the later ages, even the technologies got improved. India besides experienced the establishments of awkward structures like check dams, water shed tanks, rain water harvesting pits etc . . . which ensured better countrified production..Technology is just changing the way that human beings operate the machines from the previous ones, & implements to be more precise and less wasteful in the use of fuel, seed, or fertilizer. In the foreseeable future, some agricultural machines will be capable of capricious themselves, using GPS maps and electronic sensors. Even more esoteric are the new areas of na nonechnology and genetic engineering, where sub littlescopic devices and biological processes, respectively, are being used as machines to consummate agricultural tasks in unusual new ways.The future will also see the application of healthy hybrid varieties, GMO crops that are hale and hearty, positive methods that produces greater output, better irrigation systems etc . . As every good thing has an churn up visage, these technologies too had some advantages and disadvantages. iv. Advantages of Modern TechnologiesIt was successful in meeting a growing conduct for food by the worlds population. Yields of special crops such as rice and wheat increase dramatically. The terms of food declined, the rate of increase in crop yields generally keeps pace with population evolution, and the number of people who go hungry to bed was slightly reduced5 The boost in food production has been due mainly to scientific advances and new technologies, including the development of new crop varieties The use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the turn of large irrigation systems helped the farmers increase their production It reduces time cosumption as it ensures effective management of crops in a shorter period of time Disadvantages of modern technologies Increased chances of unemployment as technological equipments ignore do the work of 50 one C labours evince indicates, however, that excessive reliance on monoculture demesne and agro industrial inputs, such as capital-intensive technology, pesticides, and chemical substance fertilizers, has negatively impacted the environment and rural society.A number of ecological diseases bedevil been associated with the intensification of food production by means of latest technological methods Chemical fertilizers can also run short air pollutants, and have recently been implicated in the destruction of the ozone layer and in planetary warming Excessive use of technological equipments has also been linked to the acidification/salinization of soils and to a higher incidence of insect pests and diseases with mediation of negative nutritionary changes in crop plants Most of the present day technologies are given to causing pollution land, water and air v. Food consumption trendsThe agriculture and food sector figures prominently in this ente rprise and must be given due importance in any consideration of the habituality of healthy diets for individuals and population groups. Food strategies must non merely be directed at ensuring food security for all, but must also achieve the consumption of adequate quantities of safe and good quality foods that together make up a healthy diet. Any recommendation to that effectwill have implications for all components in the food chain. It is therefore effectual at this juncture to examine trends in consumption patterns worldwide and dig on the potential of the food and agriculture sector to meet the demands and challenges of the future. The food consumption trends in the quaint period were governed by the Hindu and Jain beliefs.As a result of this, Vegetarianism was the most prominent system during the ancient days. It was also bulgeially under the surveillance of the Delhi and Mughal dynasties. Later, towards the medieval period, people lettered to down what is needed and impact the rest so that they could use them during periods of starvation. Therefore, the trend of the medieval period turned to be limited consumption. Presently, in the modern era, the consumption trends cannot be defined be understanding people consume food not only for health but for various other reasons too. The consumption trends of the majority of the population are also controlled by advertisements.The consumption trends are partly hereditary too. Most importantly, the consumption trends of the present day people are mainly to showcase their status. For example, the ones who consume rich food are given higher positions in the society and the rest are treated with lower dignity in the society. In short, the food consumption trends unlike food production trends vary even from person to person. With respect to each food item, the consumption trend varies widely. The kilograms in which the food items are consumed determine the demand for the specific item thereby, expressing the trend of food consumption.From this, the consumption trends of the present day human society India are lucid and patent. 7 vi. expanse Country variations The food consumption trend of the people varies from country to country. Changes in agricultural practice over the past 50 years have increased the worlds capacity to provide food for its people with increases in productivity, greater diversity of foods and less seasonal dependence. Food mittiness has also increased as a consequence of rising income levels and dropping food prices. This has resulted in considerable changes in food consumption over the past 50 years in all the corners of the world i.e. from country to country. Global and regional per capita food consumption (kcal per capita per day) Region8 For instance, the consumption trends in India is as follows ( it is extremely different from that of USA which ranks 1st ) vii. bind between Production and ConsumptionTo meet the forecasted consumption rates of the ent ire population of different countries, great attention has to be laid on food production. The food consumption trends depend on the mode of food production. If the food produces is sufficient to feed the population, then the people can watch over their own consumption trend while if it is not, then the people will have to change the mode of consumption in a way that will satisfy the entire population.Thus, the link between the food production and consumption is tightly bound and will need great attention in the future when the population will be high and the food produced will not be sufficient to feed the entire population. If it is incumbent on(predicate) to ensure a safe and sound future, then it is evenly real to bring stability and steadiness in the food production and consumption trends of today. The present day agency of the world cannot be understood. The farmer who is producing the food cannot fix the rate of the food and the consumer who is consuming the food is also not able to fix the rate Is the present day food production and consumption producer controlled, consumer controlled or trader controlled ? Combi farming of all the three . . . .V. Production, Procurement and dissemination constraints However, despite all these trends in food production and consumption, there are certain dilemma and constraints with respect to production, procurement and dispersion that have to be given more attention.i. Food production constraints improvement solutions are to be resorted by tackling together the problems associated with population growth and food production. A review of the problems of rapid population growth and declining food production and suggestions for resolution are given. World population has increased over the past 10 years by 760 million. Future increases are expected to bring total population to 9 billion by the year 2014 and 16 billion in 2025 (exponential increases). Food production/capita has declined since 1971 in the world i n the recent past. The food production problem is adept, environmental, social, political, and economic. Food grain production in India(2009-2010) 234Mn tonnes Per capita food grain produced 193Kg/yearFood grain production growth (in phase with population growth) 5.5Mntonnes/year Suggestions for change magnitude the food grain production irrigation, use of fertilizers, &use of Botanical Pesticides control of weeds and insects, new varieties of farm animals or high-yielding strains of grain, land reclamation, mechanization soil conservation, ,Most Efficient water management river basin development, adequate storage facilities, infrastructure development, Birth control. trim down rotation, Organic farming, Mixed cropping Co-operate farming (supply ,operation &maintenance of agricultural machinery equipments) Few environmental problems which need urgent attention. soil erosion from mechanization, accumulation of DDT in food and water and animal life from pesticide use, and Water po llution from chemical fertilizers.Increased frequency & intensity of drought &floodingClimate change affects Rice &wheat productionNew pattern of pests &diseasesFood production can be increased with more ecologically sound practices. cultivation about weather and weather forecasting allows for more suitable land management. Shifting cultivation and land tenure systems should involve conservation farming techniques. Organic manures and appropriate use of chemical fertilizers can raise soil fertility. Even if the production becomes stable, there lies a lot of problems in the near stage procurement. ii. urban Market Facilities and Management open securities patiences have destroy down throughout the world over the last few years because of inadequate structures and maintenance, poor management, fire-hazard practices or to force traders into new markets. These blows to the local anesthetic saving have important financial implications for small traders and entrepreneurs as well a s consumers. Existing market spaces and facilities are often insufficient in develop countries and countries in transition. Consequently, many food traders occupy roads around markets. Urban markets are usually seen as a source of revenue to local town coffers, but those funds are often not reinvested in infrastructure maintenance and better benefits. This leads to traders feeling that market taxes are not justified and to unrest when rates are increased.Cold-storage facilities are usually insufficient and rent is often high. The few cold-storage rooms built by market managers are often inefficient,. Perishable food products, therefore, deteriorate rapidly.Public markets lose nonrecreational management and its continuity. Market authorities have insufficient skilled personnel office and are unable to enforce regulations. Consequently, trading in public markets becomes more difficult and, therefore, costly. 11 iii. Food RetailingWith respect to procurement and scattering, food retailing and food retail markets can be of great assistance in the modern era though it has not become more effective in India.Middle and high-income consumers shop at supermarkets while low-income consumers, who can choke as much as 80 percent of their income on food, go to local shops, to market places near their homes or buy from street vendors.Public retail markets have not expanded rapidly enough in newly urbanized areas and pull rounding markets have been unable to accommodate the increasing number of retailers. Lack of space or new market opportunities in satellite city districts are thus the cause of extemporaneous markets which take up an important gap in the distribution chain. However, their unplanned nature may create traffic, health and environmental problems. iv. Urban Markets Hygiene, Health, Security and the Environment Since there is insufficiency of private investments and public contribution, the markets of India lack hygiene, health and other staple fibre requirements.Though, the disposal has taken effective measures, there is no much development in this situation. Market authorities usually guarantee cleaning interior the markets, but this is rarely adequate. Toilet facilities are rare and seldom right cleaned. Water points, drainage and sewage are usually insufficient. Inadequate dismission in markets exposes users to additional risks and increases the likelihood of theft. The precarious hygiene conditions of established and spontaneous markets, the increasing quantities of waste, and the growing number of Lorries required for food transport, have an unseemly impact on the environment, as they pollute air and water, increase commotion and affrighten public health. v. Public Distribution System (PDS)Public Distribution System (PDS) is an Indian food security system. Established by the disposal of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution and managed jointly with state governments in India, it dis tributes subsidise food and non-food items to Indias poor.12 major commodities distributed include staple food grains, such as wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene, through a network of Public distribution shops, also known as Ration shops established in some(prenominal) states across the country. Food Corporation of India, a Government-owned corporation, procures and maintains the Public Distribution System.In wrong of both coverage and public expenditure, it is considered to be the most important food security network. However, the food grains supplied by the ration shops are not enough to meet the consumption needs of the poor or are of inferior quality. The average level of consumption of PDS grains in India is only 1 kg per person / month. The PDS has been criticized for its urban bias and its failure to serve the poorer sections of the population effectively. The targeted PDS is costly and gives rise to much corruption in the process of extricating the poor from those who are less needy.Today, India has the largest stock of grain in the world in any event China, the government spends Rs. 750 billion ($13.6 billion) per year, almost 1 percent of GDP, yet 21% remain undernourished. Distribution of food grains to poor people throughout the country is managed by state governments. As of date there are about 4.99 lakh Fair Price Shops (FPS) across India. The food distribution in India is not effective. It has lot of d nudebacks when compared to the distribution systems of the developed countries. The food distribution system in India is as follows 13 VI. Food Wastage i. Food Wastage an introduction Food waste or food loss is the food that is discarded or lost, uneaten. As of 2011, billion tons of food, about one third of the global food production, is lost or wasted annually. Loss and wastage occurs on all stairs in the food supply chain. In low-income countries, most loss occurs during production, while in developed countries much food about 100 kilograms (220 lb) per person and year is wasted at the consumption stage. In terms of production, the food wastage may occur in various stages.Research found that food grain waste occurs mainly in the beginning of production, superman & distribution, storage system, preparation food,(cooking), serving & after consumption(throwing away the unconsumed)From planting, crops can be subjected to pest infestations and severe weather, which cause losses before the harvest part of a crop. In India, the wastage in food grain &cooked food is intolerably high..Some of the major causes of this food wastage are improper storage facilities, lack of effective transport systems, lack of refrigerated transport vehicles, ill kept up(p) roads, attack of pests and rodents, lack of initiative of the public, lack of awareness, insufficient technological assistance, lack of preservation techniques and a lot more . . . . The food wastage problem of todays India needs immediate attention and has to be paid more attention to ensure minimal wastage in the coming years. ii. Management of Food waste ReductionA quantity of wheat required by the entire production of Australia is wasted each year in India, fit in to a new report on global food wastage. At least 40% of all fruit and vegetables are lost in India between the grower and consumer due to lack of refrigerated transport, poor roads, inclement weather and corruption. Therefore, the best way to get rid of wastes is to minimize the wastage by ourselves. However, some of the waste reduction management techniques are given below The feeding of food scraps to animals is, historically, the most common way of traffic with household food wasteVermi composting is the practice of feeding scraps food waste to worms who produce soil as a byproduct food waste can be dumped, but it can also be fed to animals, or it can be biodegraded by composting or anaerobiotic digestion, and reused to enrich soil Food waste coming through the salubrious sewer s from garbage disposal units is treated along with other sewage and contributes to soap which in turn is used in biogas plants In any function, food is to be served to the requirementMoreover food waste can also be recycled to produce various substances like paper, forwarding material etc.. . Campaigns and awareness programmes like LOVE FOOD, HATE WASTE must be encourage so as to make the public aware of the importance of food and the consequences of wasting food. Let us join hands to foresee a world that doesnt waste food. VII. Food preservation and Food forwardingi. Food preservation a brief overviewPreservation usually involves preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi (such as yeasts), and other micro-organisms (although some methods work by introducing auspicious bacteria, or fungi to the food), as well as retarding the oxidation of fats which cause rancidity. Food preservation can also include processes which inhibit ocular deterioration, such as the enzymatic browning reaction in apples after they are cut, which can occur during food preparation. Many processes designed to preserve food will involve a number of food preservation methods.Preserving fruit by turning it into jam, and sealing within an airtight stimulate (to prevent recontamination). There are many traditional methods of preserving food that limit the energy inputs and reduce carbon footprint. Maintaining or creating nutritional value, texture and heart is an important aspect of food preservation, although, historically, some methods drastically altered the pillow slip of the food being preserved. ii. Principles of Food preservationPreservation of a modification of food items, whatever the method maybe, is based on the following principles 15Prevention or Delay of Microbial Decomposition of fooda. By keeping out micro organisms asepsis b. By removal of micro organisms by means of filtrationc. By hindering their growth and activity throughDrying methodsAddition of chemicals no t recommendedPrevention or Delay of Self Decomposition of fooda. Destruction of food enzymesb. Inactivation of food enzymesThus, it is concluded that the main exact of food preservation is to inhibit either the microbial or self decomposition of food items. Food preservation involves the application of various methods that work on these principles. iii. Food Preservation MethodsThere are various methods that can be applied over food items for its long term preservation. The main aim of food preservation is to increase the shelf life of the food item subjected to these preservation methods. However, a food item cannot undergo all the preservation techniques. The technique for each item is chosen with respect to the pH of the food and various other chemical factors. Some of the most utter(a) food preservation techniques are RefrigerationVacuum packingsalt or CuringSmokingAdding food additivesiv. Food packaging furtheranceThe word PACKAGING means to cover the sensible property of a material to prevent it from its enemies. 16 Food packagingFood packaging means to pack the food to prevent it from enemies, decaying and microbes. Food packaging can be done to food items with the help of packaging materials. Most of the food items are specific to certainmaterials and it is decided with attention to their chemical and physical properties. Types of food packaging materialsv. protect AdditionValue added agriculture is a process of increasing the economic value and consumer appeal of an agricultural commodity. It is a production/marketing strategy driven by customer needs and preferences. Value added is used to characterize food products that are converted from raw product through processes that give the resulting product an incremental value in the market place. An incremental value is realized from either higher price or expanded market. For example, jams, cheeses, and pre cooked meats are considered value added products.Importance of value added products pecunia ry benefit A value added agricultural product may have more market value than any other commodity Helps meet the changing preferences and interests of the public Possesses better quality, nutrition, convenience, safety, health, variety, price, social and environmental acceptance etc . . . Value addition has become one of the major trends in the field of agriculture. It has brought about great changes in the mode of consumption of the public. Despite all these technologies, there are certain problems faced by the farmers and agriculturists.VIII. Problems faced by Agriculturists and Farmers i. Major problems faced by Agriculturists and Farmers The major problems confronting Indian agriculture are those of population pressure, small holdings, depleted soils, lack of modern technology and poor(quality and numbers) facilities for storage. universe of discourse pressurePopulation increase & hence dwelling area are needed more .Therefore the area for cultivation becomes decreased. In co untry like Japan hill slopes have been cut into terraces for cultivation Small and fragmentize Land HoldingsThe pressure of increasing population and the practice of dividing land equally among the heirs has caused excessive sub divisions of farm holdings. Consequently, the holdings are small and fragmented. The small size of holdings makes farming activity uneconomical and leads to social tension, violence and discontentment. Inadequate Irrigation FacilitiesBy and large the irrigation facilities available in India are far from adequate. So for one-one-half of the total area under food crops has been brought under irrigation and the remaining half is left to the mercy of monsoon rains which are erratic in time and space. wipe out SoilsIndian soils have been used for growing crops for thousands of years which have resulted in the depletion of soil fertility. With deforestation the sources of maintaining natural fertility of soil has been drying out. Lack of material resources and ignorance of scientific knowledge have further depleted the soils of the natural fertility. earliest only animal waste was enough to maintain soil fertility. terminus of food grainsStorage of food grains is a big problem in India. Nearly 10 per cent of our harvest goes waste every year in the absence of proper storage facilities. This colossal wastage can be avoided by maturation scientific ware-housing facilities. The government has taken several steps to provide storage facilities in the form of private storage go downs. Moreover, Government support & guidance for Agricultural product Export has become very poor &corruptive system. Farm ImplementsAlthough some mechanization of farming has taken place in some parts of the country, most of the farmers are poor (in knowledge& finance) and do not purchase modern farm implements and tools. This hampers the development of agriculture. ii. Minor problems faced by Agriculturists and Farmers Indian agriculture is a gamble of monsoons. Mo nsoons are irregular unevenly distributed and uncertain. It exerts a very discriminatory influence on agriculture.The serious drainage problem caused by the increased construction of roads, railways and canals disturbed the natural drainage system by checking the common flow of rain water and bringing heavy floods. This result in large scale damage to crop. Global climatic changes affect agriculturist and farmers through their direct and indirect effects on the crops, soils, perishstock and pests. The over cropping in a land leads to the exhaustion of soils. Declining trend is seen in the productivity of the land.Exploitation of land with excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides leads to land fertility degradation. The land under cultivation of food grains has been declining due to construction of industries and residential structure etc. There is inefficient water management.In order to stand fast the global competition India has to use its vast potential of A griculture by adopting modern technologies in farming. iii Steps taken by the government and other organizations Subsidized five per cent interest rate on crop loans on timely repayment Initiated discussion session on topics that both help farmers to understand their existing situation and identify their opportunities and constraints further farmers to think of ways to improve their own marketing Laid focus on practical issuesUsed audio-visual presentations during farmers meeting sessions organized by the government Used traders and others to inform farmers about how the market works Ensured that farmers are able to make a comparatively good produce Provided farmers with the information they need about various agricultural practicesRegardless of the implementation of various measures and steps, problems still exist in the case of food preservation. Problems affecting the production, procurement and exportation have been solved to a great extent. It is food preservation that needs a lot of attention in this era. IX. Modern Technologies in Food and Agriculturei. Technologies in Food preservationThe modern technologies involved in food preservation are Pulsed Electric Field ElectroporationHigh Pressure Food Preservation.Hurdle technology Pulsed Electric Field ElectroporationPulsed electric field (PEF) electroporation is a method for processing cells by means of brief pulses of a material electric field. PEF holds potential as a type of low temperature alternate(a) pasteurization process for sterilizing food products. PEF for food processing is a developing technology still being researched. High pressure Food preservationHigh pressure food preservation or pascalization refers to the use of a food preservation technique which makes use of high pressure. Pressed inner(a) a vessel exerting 70,000 pounds per square inch (480 MPa) or more, food can be processed so that it retains its fresh appearance, flavour, texture and nutrients while alter malign microorga nisms and slowing spoilage. Hurdle technologyHurdle technology is a method of ensuring that pathogens in food products can be eliminated or controlled by combining more than one approach. These approaches can be thought of as hurdles the pathogen has to overcome if it is to remain active in the food. The right compounding of hurdles can ensure all pathogens are eliminated or rendered pure in the final product. As a result of these modern food production, procurement and preservation techniques, the environment is being degraded to a great extent. Moreover, the environment too is not so cooperative with agriculture. It provides a lot of hurdles that agriculture is not able to prosper very effectively today. X. Environmental Consequencesi. Consequences caused to the environment from agriculture Modern Agricultural practices use a lot of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. They are rich in nitrates and phosphates. Once they are sprayed over the plants, they get suspended in the soil . When they are subjected to rainfall, they get thrusting away into water bodies. They then cause Eutrophication. These depositions of nitrates and phosphates may lead to the growth of algae on the surface of the water. They utilize the maximum oxygen in the water thus creating a situation wherein there is loss of nautical life.This situation is known as eutrophication. Other consequences are pollution the technical devices used in food production may initiate harmful emissions of gases causing pollution and the rise of BOD Biological Oxygen carry . It is said As you sow, so shall you reap. As modern agricultural methods are causing great deteriorations to the environment, the environment in turn is not supportive to agricultural practices. ii. Consequences caused to agriculture by the environmentSoil is a dynamic living matrix that is an essential part of the terrestrial ecosystem. It is a critical resource not only to agriculture production and food security but also not to the maintenance of most live processes. This soil is getting deteriorated day by day, so is agriculture. Agriculture accounts for 70% of all water use. Water resources are depleting at a alacritous rate with water table falling worldwide.The global environmental anticipation report says that, if the present water consumption pattern continues, two out of every three persons on earth will live in water stressed conditions by the year 2025. In such a condition, when the water resources are fast depleting, agriculture too become a depleting practice. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change and its impact is sour global food security.Global warming is imageed to have remarkable impacts on climate change and conditions affecting agriculture. Thus, as the present situation continues, the environment gets degraded more and more creating climate imbalance. As a result, the agricultural practices also foresees downfall. Therefore, the environment too is a threat to agricul ture today. In spite of all these threatening reasons, man still is sorrowful towards industrialization and is degrading the environment without paying enough attention towards agriculture. XI. industrial enterprise and AgricultureIndustry is the production of an economic good or service within an economy. The industrial enterprise that took place in Europe in the late 18th century brought about great socio economic changes in the world. Even today, the most advanced technologies that we experience are a result of this industrialization. However, this process also brought with it certain ill effects. It popularized industries and made agricultural practices face a downfall. . 22It is transparent from this that both the GDP and the growth of agricultural sectors have both experienced serious downfall in the past fifty years. Unless this situation is treated with the appropriate solution, this dreadful condition cannot be overcome. As it continues, the public may have to move tow ards greener methods in the future. i. Recent Issues1. The Pepsi project Issue which has become a threat to the Punjab agricultural practices. Diversification of agriculture has become the main aim of the Pepsi Project . 2. The ONGC Cauvery Oil Asset industry that created oil spills in the field which lead to large scale destruction of crop fields and also the ravaging of the paddy fields that surrounded the leaking pipelines of this industry. 3. The MESCO and Jindal steel plants, established in Orissa have turned against the existing agricultural practices. Their establishments have accounted for large scale destruction measures like deforestation and the wrong use of agricultural lands and forests.These issues have become a real threat to the world. Though, the agricultural produce is not sufficient to feed the entire population, people are moving towards industries and urban jobs rather than concentrating on agricultural activities which is the range of mountains of future. Since people are not ready to change their attitude, it is necessary to have a balanced industrialization for the betterment of agriculture. 23 ii. Balanced Industrialization for the betterment of Agriculture Industrialization and Agriculture must go hand in hand for the betterment of our country. Industrialization should be practiced in such a way that thereare no contrary effects on the agricultural practices. At the same time, it is necessary that scientific advances of the industries should have the potentials to bring about agro ecosystems.XII. Our roleApart from these industrial measures and other preventive measures, it is obligatory that each individual has to contribute to the betterment of our nation in one or the other way. We must furnish the public with a better understanding of the complexity of the present day agricultural systems We must develop a need to address both food consumption and production We must provide the essential knowledge and diversity through cr oss-sectoral approaches We must explore new ways of policy coordinationWe must motivate the educated ones so as to involve them in agriculture We must initiate awareness programmes as a result of which the farmers would become knowledgeable about the modern technologies in food production and food preservation We must join hands to build up a brighter and greener INDIAXIII. Conclusion Developed India is possible only if the agriculture is developed and Prosperous India is possible only if the agricultural sectors are improved. & sustained along with industrial growth . . Use less & less resources to achive more & more productivity. Industrialisation &agriculture fields should support mutually without degrading our eco system. The likely future of mankind is not outside his control, but well with in his boundary. Taking care of rights of future generations, let us use/consume carefully all types of resources given by the nature.As Young Scientists, lets take an oath to produce goo d food, consume just adequate food, waste nil food and store the balance food for the future/future generations. . .XIV. Referenceswww.wiki.orgwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.govwww.foodnavigator.asia.comBritannica Encyclopedia, F Series Food Green technologies in food production, pg no 149, 2012 edition author Joyce.I.Boye www.wattagnwt.comwww.meattradenewsdaily.comwww.newsonair.com