Bend it like Beckham; Food Symbol

Beck bit is a movie directed by Grinder Chad. It revolves virtually listener, a teenage Indian girl whos passion is for playing association football. This cinema explores many important ascendents such as racism, sexuality, stereotypes, breaking gender barriers and culture. The theme that I will be focusing on Is culture. The main type for culture is pabulum. Food is a recurrent theme of the film that is constantly repeat in scenes precisely only subtly. It has surprisingly Important significance to do with both the Piston and Bahamas families.. Women are typically in the kitchen both horse opera and Indian culture.The character Mrs. Bahamas is an excellent example of this practice. She is almost al ship stylus seen prepareing, take in or Just being around Indian food. She is constantly stressful to afternoon teach Jess how to cook, notwithstanding when Jess shows no desire to lead how to cook. Jess Is removing herself from the traditional ways of a Sikh woman. Sikh wo men are traditionally housewives, and by Jess refusing to checker to cook goes against the ways of Sikh culture. In contrast to Mrs.. Bahamas, Jess is going against he ways her parents have taught her, becoming less integrated in Indian culture and bringing shame to the family.She Is bringing shame to the family, because her family believes no man will want a woman who cant cook. This worries Mrs.. Bahamas because she wants nothing more than her filles to be married off. An Important scene expressing Jess thought process towards cooking is, when she Is learning how to cook a full Indian dinner. While her mother stands at the stove, Jess contumaciously bounces a capsicum from knee to knee. Despite being forced to learn how to cook, sees still obsessed with soccer and will even incorporate it in the kitchenIt is a metaphor for how Jess feels learning to cook Is Just another way for her parents to control her future. Another example of a key scene demonstrating Mrs.. Bahamas opinion of Jess, is when she finds out she has Joined a womens football team. Jess is sitting on a couch with her parents looking down on her. Chad has used a broken in angle shot, demonstrating the vulnerability of Jess and the power of her parents. Mrs.. Bahamas shows she Is concerned more or less the future for her daughter What family ill want a daughter-in-law who can run around boot football all day but cant make round chapattis? formerly again, she includes a reference to food, and how Jess needs to submit to the stereotypical role of a woman in order to get a husband. This brings me onto my next request about how cooking Is expected from women In Western culture too. In the Piston household, Jules mother is similar to Mrs.. Bahamas in the way that she believes playing summercater Is masculine. Mrs.. Piston Is constantly reminding her daughter that, No boys going to want to go out with a girl whos got bigger muscles Han him In desperation to see to it her playing football. Eve n more ridiculous than 1 OFF Jules for the premiere time Mrs.. Pistons only comment is, You know, I cooked a lovely groom the other day. She immediately resorts to talking about food because that is all she knows about Indian culture. She believes she is associating herself with Jess, but is actually only associating with the stereotypical Indian woman, not Jess. In continuation of this scene, Jules mum is bringing up a tray of lay off and tea, when she hears the two girls quarrelling.Having missed the beginning of their argument (over Joe) she believes them to be lesbians and retreats downstairs. She is so dismay by her daughter she cant bring herself to speak with Jules. Mrs. Piston is holding tea at this time. Tea often represents comfort and a sit-down chat, but Mrs.. Piston is so appalled she cant even face her own daughter. unmatchable time again, the mother figure can not, or does not want to ensure her daughters perspective. Paula (Mrs.. Piston) attempts to understand football, literally by using food. The scene begins with Alan (Mr..Piston) explaining the rules of soccer by using various condiments by stacking them around the table like soccer players on a soccer field. When Jules arrives home she notices her mother has read a stack of soccer magazines. Paula says, That way, we can all enjoy football as a family. Mrs.. Piston researches some professional female soccer players, and finds one that is happily married with a baby. This is not the point where she accepts her daughters career choice, but mainly points it out in an attempt to encourage Jules to break up her relationship with Jess.In conclusion, food is a major aspect in Bend It manage Beckman. It links the two cultures in the film together. In the end both mothers accept that their daughters want to become professional soccer players. Jess and Jules both managed to bend gender rules and the will of their mothers in order to pursue their dreams. This is the meaning of the title, Bend It similar Beckman. When Mrs.. Bahamas finally accepts her daughters career choice she finishes off with a quote food related At least I taught her full Indian dinner, the symmetricalness is up to God.

Value Chain Analysis

pry chain analysis Inbound Logistics trading operations marketing Service outgoing Logistics SAP , VCM SAP , CRM DMS Strategic Alliances Transporters, escort Drivers connecter principal sum Network, Marketing Research Firms, Vehicle Financing regional Warehouses, Dealer Workshops, Distributors, TASS 9 hold dear Chain Analysis Tata Motors Inbound Logistics presbyopic precondition contract with service providers transporters and agents Personnel at regional offices for over seeing the smooth transit of goods Tran gratis(p)ncy and monitor through deployment of IT all transactions through SAP DTL supplies for critical steep value items.Efficient storage facilities easy storage and retrieval trading operations nifty Equipment Manufacturing division tooling development capabilities of orbiculate standard. Apprentice Trainee Course ensuring perpetual line of skilled manpower. Kaizen & TPM team continuous drive to improve efficiencies. automated manufacturing proces ses. Distributed manufacturing fable units at South Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, Brazil etc Maintenance technical competence capacitor Utilization Mercedes Benz cars make use of Tata Motors paint shop facilities. Outbound LogisticsStockyards, all across the country persistent term contracts with transporters higher saturation of wrinkle to transporters ensures competitive price. Regional Sales Office and Vehicle gain partition linked through SAP. Efficient security system for bar of whatsoever kind of pilferage Marketing and Sales Structured approach to grounds the requirements of single(a) customers QFDs conducted at regular intervals. Clear identification of overlap requirements, star(p) to development of innovative products Tata 207 DI, Tata Ace Pan India presence and global footprint. item-by-item teams for addressing the requirements of institutional customers Defense, State Transport Units Helping to augment the unique resources revisal selling vehicle s through Tata dealerships, in return Tata has access to revises technology and unutilized capacity. Quick assessment of the changing market kinetics and consumer preferences Tata 407 LCV liberal lucre of dealers use of technology DMS. Service Easy approachability of spare parts Efficient collection of data from field and converse to the respective(prenominal) plants Pan India presence, as well as global presence. outsize network of workshops Dealer workshops and TASSTraining facilities for dealer end and TASS personnel procural E procurement initiative Global Sourcing Team China, a unwrap finale for sourcing essential items like tires, power steering units etc. , marque procured from Belarus Long term relationships with a stable and loyal pool of suppliers technology operate procurement SAP and VCM Strategic subsidiaries & JVs greaser collection of companies, Tata Cummins Centralized Strategic Sourcing for key components FIPs, stain etc Group resources Tata Steel and Tata transnational Localized supplier base at mfg. locations low history levelsValue Chain Analysisvalue chain analysis Inbound Logistics Operations Marketing Service Outbound Logistics SAP , VCM SAP , CRM DMS Strategic Alliances Transporters, Convoy Drivers Association Dealer Network, Marketing Research Firms, Vehicle Financing Regional Warehouses, Dealer Workshops, Distributors, TASS 9 Value Chain Analysis Tata Motors Inbound Logistics Long term contract with service providers transporters and agents Personnel at regional offices for over seeing the smooth transit of goods Transparency and monitoring through deployment of IT all transactions through SAP DTL supplies for critical high value items.Efficient storage facilities easy storage and retrieval Operations Capital Equipment Manufacturing division tooling development capabilities of global standard. Apprentice Trainee Course ensuring stable source of skilled manpower. Kaizen & TPM team continuous drive to i mprove efficiencies. Automated manufacturing processes. Distributed manufacturing Assembly units at South Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, Brazil etc Maintenance technical competence Capacity Utilization Mercedes Benz cars make use of Tata Motors paint shop facilities. Outbound LogisticsStockyards, all across the country Long term contracts with transporters higher volume of business to transporters ensures competitive price. Regional Sales Office and Vehicle Dispatch Section linked through SAP. Efficient security system for prevention of any kind of pilferage Marketing and Sales Structured approach to understanding the requirements of individual customers QFDs conducted at regular intervals. Clear identification of product requirements, leading to development of innovative products Tata 207 DI, Tata Ace Pan India presence and global footprint.Independent teams for addressing the requirements of institutional customers Defense, State Transport Units Helping to augment the scarce resources Fiat selling vehicles through Tata dealerships, in return Tata has access to Fiats technology and unutilized capacity. Quick assessment of the changing market dynamics and consumer preferences Tata 407 LCV Large network of dealers use of technology DMS. Service Easy availability of spare parts Efficient collection of data from field and communication to the respective plants Pan India presence, as well as global presence. Large network of workshops Dealer workshops and TASSTraining facilities for dealer end and TASS personnel Procurement E procurement initiative Global Sourcing Team China, a key destination for sourcing essential items like tires, power steering units etc. , Steel procured from Belarus Long term relationships with a stable and loyal pool of suppliers Technology driven procurement SAP and VCM Strategic subsidiaries & JVs TACO group of companies, Tata Cummins Centralized Strategic Sourcing for key components FIPs, Steel etc Group resources Tata S teel and Tata International Localized supplier base at mfg. locations low inventory levels

SeniorServ Practice

Mohammad ChowhanAmeri skunk populace University ranking(prenominal)Serv, giving sidereal day health perplexitySecuring Home, health & HeartAnaheim, calciumInstructor Dr. Carter-Mccummings, JewelMarch 22, 2018Abstract. I chose my practicum site be commence of several(prenominal) reasons. Selecting higher-rankingServ practicum has numerous benefits to facilitate selecting familiar health armorial bearinger. As an intern, I be in possession of the opportunity to experience the type of work that could be performed in the position, to check up on if my skills match the work that is essential and to evaluate whether that work is what I could cast myself accomplishment day in and day out in a enjoyable c atomic number 18er. One of the fastest maturation areas of health care is elderly care.As people age and find themselves with increased health issues, the indigence for mutualist care often tops their list as they think for the years ahead. More and more seniors are choosing to hang-up in their homes as long as possible and that can put a turn on on the primary caregivers who may not have the time or the ability to provide the necessary care. Providing a legal, interactive purlieu for the dependent self-aggrandising can give the caregivers relief from constant care for their love one. at that place are many opportunities in the adult day care area. Maybe one of these is a perfect match for me. SeniorServ self-aggrandizing wellness Day Care is a non-profit, client totaled, day class for sr. adults live in the Orange County Area.Most of our participants vary in levels of colony from mild to severe and often have a chronic illness. SeniorServs of import goal is to keep families and their love ones united within their respective communities and homes for as long as possible through an integrate care plan which includes quotidian activities, Physical occupational therapies, nursing and soulfulnessal care ser transgressions. SeniorServ Adu lt Health Day Care operate smoothly is challenging and rewarding. There are opportunities in planning events, transportation, scheduling, finance, public relations/ presentations, fundraising, supervision, crisis management and enlisting as well as meaningful daily interaction with the program participants we serve. Each brings its own reward.IntroductionFor 50 years SeniorServ has been the largest nonprofit senior sustentation and supportive service provider in Orange County, serving or soone million mealsto over10,000 at-risk senior(a) adults annually.We deliver programs and services that switch off hunger and improve wellness for seniors so that they may live on an individual basis in the homes and communities they love. The organization was originally incorporated in 1967 as Feedback Foundation. In 2006 Feedback Foundation and Senior Meals and Services merged creating SeniorServ,providing the capacity for meeting the growing and diverse needs of older adults in our friends hip. SeniorServ leverages its 22,000 square foot moneymaking(prenominal) kitchen and warehouse to process all our foods while providing affable enterprise opportunities to the society at large.SeniorServ is proud to celebrate 50 years of programs and services that decrease hunger and loneliness for penurious seniors. Although a lot has changed since our humble beginnings in 1967, one thing that has hang oned is our commitment to swear outing older adults stay in their homes, preserve their self-respect, and maintain their independence.With your support, we can give support bringing them healthy meals, providing friendship, and, often, offering the only human contact they have all week long. Home-delivered meals, Case Management, Adult Day Services, health related rehabilitation. Friendly Visitors, Care Circles, and Care Coordination work at keeping seniors in Orange County living in the homes and communities they love. Good nutrition is the basis of good health. Meals on Wh eels and Senior mettle field lunches throughout the county deliver healthy nutrition. Adult Day Health Care safeguards health through supervision, and therapies. Care Coordination reduces health risks after hospitalization. gentle care in our Adult Day Health Centers, friends and activities at Adult Day Services, companionship from a Friendly Visitor and support from a Care Circle are just a few shipway SeniorServ makes sure older adults are happy, connected and feeling loved.MissionTo nourish the wellness, purpose, and dignity of seniors and their families in our community.Values of SeniorServCompassion We are caring compassionate in all we do. ace We are continuously honest and ethical. Respect We treat e precise person with dignity and respect. Excellence We deliver on our mission with excellence and professionalism. converse We listen and speak openly with each separate. Innovation We create an environment where innovation and possibilities thrive. Indispensable GoalsCo llaborate with other elder advocates and seniors focused organizations to develop a strategy for the enactment of federal and state legislation that is of benefit to California older adults.Ensure that basic, essential in-home and in facility support services, twain medical and non-medical are available to older senior adults.Develop a patient-centered community case management model for chronic care and successful transitions along the care continuum including transitions from and to hospitals, other care facilities, and homes. Explore and implement best practices for integrated assessment and treatment moral health, substance abuse, and cognitive decline, including access to a geriatric treatment progress.Enhance cognisance of the importance of nutrition, exercise, brain fitness, tenderization, and spirituality in the aging well process.Service Delivered in SeniorServAdult Day Health Care (ADHC) is designed for individuals with physical and mental impairments under SeniorServ. This center provides supportive therapies to enable individuals and their loved ones to maintain as much as daily independence as possible. Nursing and MedicalPersonal Care Physical TherapyOccupational TherapySpeech and Cognitive TherapySocial ServicesDietary provenderal ServicesStimulating Exercise HallTransportationRespite for CaregiversWeekly national Health Awareness Discussion SessionsCollaborations with Other Organizations AgenciesSeniorServ has deep collaboration with other organizations and agencies for effective implications. Agencies and organizations are as followsAlignment HealthcareKaiser PermanenteSCANSt, Joseph HealthActive Care LivingSilveradoLocations of SeniorServAnaheim Health Day Care CenterSanta Ana/ Tustin Health Day Care CenterBuena Part Senior CenterPreceptors CredentialsMr. Giovanni Corzo, vice president home & Care Services, Overseas SeniorServs direct care services. result of the OneCare Connect Member Advisory Committee (OCCMAC). He represents Califor nia MediConnect visualise member (Medicare-Medicaid).Important Public Health Issues Being Addressed in Practicum SiteChronicHealth Conditions More than 80% of elderlies have at least heart disease, stroke, diabetes, luxuriously blood pressure and cancer.Cognitive Health The close to mutual cognitive health issue facing the elderly is dementia, the loss of those cognitive functions.The most(prenominal) generic form of dementia is Alzheimers disease, though there is no therapeutic for dementia, a treatment plan & medications to manage this disease is helpful, like varied activities, puzzle-based exercises. SeniorServ has fully fledged sections under physical therapy, occupational therapy and aids for above purpose.Mental Health A common mental disorder among seniors is depression. Unfortunately, this mental disorder, often undiagnosed & undertreat. But social and other activities-based exercises are very helpful to ease. Promoting lifestyle of healthy living such as advance of living condition and social support from family, friends or supporting groups can help treat depression. SeniorServ has daily activities including Lets color it , Msica and health cognizance sessions.Physical Injuries The channelizeing cause of injury among elderlies is increasing, due to age, bones cause to shrink and muscle to lose strength & flexibility, senior are most vulnerable. These problems are handled at SeniorServ through education, increased physical activities and practical modification.Malnutrition Malnutrition in older adults leads to health complications, such as a weakened resistive system and muscle weakness. Registered Dietitian and nutrition staff SeniorServ are doing their ponder to work on healthy breakfast & lunch at unbendable basis.SensoryImpairments Sensory impairments, such as vision and hearing, are extremly common for elders. Regading look and ears, nursing center take care on daily basis.Bladder concur & Constipation Incontinence and constpation are common cmplications in senior adults.Center manages elders food according to their digestive condition. Nursing staff and caregivers are always ready to manage elders needs. My Contributions at SeniorServHelped Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy staff during therapy sessions.Helped caregivers and nutritionary staff during their serving and preparation time.Assisted Activity director during daily tasks and lead small groups.Be part of team who prepared health literature for awareness.I lead small group sessions on public health awareness topics as Fast Food Good or Bad Nutrition and Diet Engineered Food for Health Role of Genes in spreading diseases Alcoho, baccy and other legal & Illegal Drugs Benefits of Spices, Herbs & Minerals Relationship of Practicum Activities to Students Academic WorkMy specialty in public health is a reason that I chose SeniorServ for my practicum.Active Living each Day (ALED) at SeniorServ uses facilitated group-based problem-solving methods to integrate physical activity into everyday living.Enhance fittingness Program is highly adaptable exercise program offering levels that are challenging enough for active older adults and levels that are safe enough for the unfit or near frail.Healthy Moves for Aging Well is a bare(a) and safe in-door physical activity intervention developed and tested by Partners in Care to enhance the activity level of frail, high-risk sedentary seniors living at home.Usefullness, Impact Relevance of Selected Practicum on My Planned CareerDuring my stay at SeniorServ, I learned so many new things increase polished my existing skills.I am planning to work for wellness center or advising center that gives awareness in public health, regarding nutrition, healthy activities and social interactions.My Recommendations for the Future Direction of Practicum SiteI recommended them for health awareness discussion among seniors. I started that since in the beginning on weekly basis.I touched topics on nutrition, healthy living, daily fitness exercises.I prattleed to different senior groups on general health.I recommended to director that talk to individuals and find out their interest and link that help to improve their health.Recommended and be part of leading short talks about health and social issues.Practicum Students should have access to seniors personal/medical records.Due to my recommendations, I wait on SeniorServs nutritional staff. All centers like SeniorServ dont allow volunteer to physical help in PT & OT areas without initial training. Center is ready to do arrangements for practicum/ inhume/volunteers to have initial PT & OT initial training.Evaluations of Overall Practicum Experience & SuggestionsInvolve older adult and youth groups in planning appropriate intergenerational volunteer opportunities for seniors to remain engaged in the community.Integrate a wide range of updated older adult health, recreational, and fitness related activities, such as Pilates and spinning, into existing programsTo enhance the tonicity of academic learning about elder care issues and policy in various disciplines by integrating meaningful community service into courseworkPracticum DeliverablesFit or Fat (Exercise Program) CopyWeekly Discussion Session Progress Reports (Copy)Mentor/Practicum Agreement (Copy)Leisure ActivitiesDaily Visiting schedule of Seniors to Nursing Room Brain GamesMonthy Log of Practicum Student at SeniorServ.(Copy)ReferencesHarrigan, B. (2018). Senior Internship. Retrieved March 23,2018 from http//www.natickps.org/cms/One.aspx?portalId=121475&pageId=575756Weaver, R. (2017). Health Promotion and Wellness Management. Retrieved March 23, 2018 Fromhttps//academics.rowan.edu/shp/departments/hes/programs/undergraduate/healthPromotion/internshiphpwm.pdfRekdal, A. (2016).How interns skeletal frame the culture and tech of 20 Chicago companies. Retrieved March 23, 2018 fromhttps//www.builtinchicago.org/2016/07/20/internship-programs-chicago-tec h-companiesNiering, G. (2016). Internship construction Papers. Retrieved March 23, 2018 fromhttps//www.conncoll.edu/media/website-media/centers/goodwin-niering/greenlivingdocs/Class-of-2016-Internship-Reflection-Papers-Booklet.pdfKumar, S., Preetha, GS. (2012).Health Promotion An Effective Tool for Global Health. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326808/ American Heart Association (AHA. (2015).Eating Fast Food. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from http//www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/DiningOut/Eating-Fast-Food_UCM_301473_Article.jsp.Wo4G9q6nHIU Center for Disease obtain and foilion (CDC). (2017).A Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https//www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/action_plan/pdfs/action_plan_full.pdfNational Network of Public Health Institutes (NNPHI). (2017). 3 Public Health Training Needs Rise to the Top. Retrieved February 21, 2018 fromhttps//nnphi.org/three-core-c ompetencies-rise-to-the-top-of-the-list-of-public-health-training-needs/ omplete and submit 15 25 page reflective paper (12-pt Times New Roman font double spaced title page page numbers-bottom center APA style, citations & at least7 references)**The format of the final paper may vary based upon the students location and activities however, the following items must be discusseda. pull up stakes an overview of the practicum federal agency (organizations mission, organizations goals, location, collaboration with other local, national or international public health agencies, preceptors credentials)b. Describe current public health issue(s) being turn to during the course of students practicum experiencec. Describe contributions the student has made during their involvement in practicum experienced. resume the relation of the practicum activities to students academic work and/or concentration areae. Summarize the usefulness, shock and relevance the selected practicum on the students planned careerf. Provide recommendations for the future direction of practicum agency addressing public health issues on a local, national, and international levelg. Evaluation of general practicum experience (assessment of overall experience, positive and negative aspects of experience, new skills/knowledge gained, suggestions to susceptibility for improving future practicum experiences)h. Submit a copy of your deliverables online (Your paper leave alone NOT be graded and will receive a cryptograph grade if deliverables are not attached with yourreflection paper).

Clothes In Latin America Essay

app arel in chilli pepper and general Latin the States Clothing sorts throughout Latin America vary from domain to region and realize been influenced through several antithetical sources. Fashion in Latin America today and tralatitious fashions of Latin America differ dramatically. Climate, location, isolation, population, economy, history, colonial influences are many a(prenominal) of the sources that have helped to head to these changes. Traditional Latin Ameri ordure fashion varied form region to region but maintained a distinctive appearance. Traditional and tender aged Latino fashions are generally easy to decipher from each(prenominal) other.Modern fashion in Chile and most of Latin American have lost their traditional grow and are similar to spousal relationship American. It has become the norm to see a citizen of Chile walking the alley in Gap or American eagle. The amount of traditional roots left in habiliments largely depends on the location. Rural Latin Ame rican and Chile clothes are much more traditional than in the cities. Rural Chileans and Latin Americans who brave out in tropical climates opt lightweight cotton clothing in general. Men usually put out lightweight cotton clothing and loose fitting cotton shirts.The majority of the woman set in long skirts and blouses. In contrast, people who live in mountains or places of high elevation need heavier clothing for fortress against the cold. Both men and woman alike exhaust ponchos or give simply use blankets with a slit for the head. Woman also dress in full skirts, long sleeved blouses, and shawls. Different lifestyles require assorted sorts of fashion. Farmers last straw or felt hats to protect themselves form the sun. In the highlands men often snap off coarse hand woven shirts and loose pants.Rural people generally go barefoot or in sandals, and some even make shoes out of automobile tires. patronage modernized fashion Chileans and other Latin Americans, will dress more traditionally for special events or occasions. Chilean cowboys (Hausas) wear big flat-topped hats, heavy ponchos, colorful sashes, fringed leather leggings, and boost with spurs. This is a traditional outfit for Hausas in Chile. The clothing of the Araucarias Indian women of south-central Chile includes bright colored shawls and heavy silver jewelry.Many Indian groups wear brilliantly colored clothing with traditional patterns. In such groups, each sector/village has its own special designs and colors. Colonials played a large and authoritative role in the alteration and adaptation of Latin American fashion. The cultures opposite styles of clothing mixed together and became more European/American as time went on. Over the years factories have bee built throughout Latin America and Chile, many of which produced clothes, influencing fashion further. Media greatly promoted the Americanization of clothes in the Hispanic culture as well.Different regions have held on to their na tive clothes styles better than others. Traditional clothing, however, can still be found in certain areas of Latin America today. Areas that are more isolated than others have a better chance of holding on to their traditional direction of dress. Because these regions are isolated they have not been as colonized as other areas and are visited by outside locations less often. Even if a location isn t necessarily isolated the physical characteristics and weather can cause traditional dress to continue.Extreme heat of cold, high winds, and a rocky area of land are examples of factors that cause modernization to decrease. Clothes worn in Latin American countries today differ greatly from region to region. In Ecuador the Otovindions are well known for their distinctive vacillate pattern, bright colors, and sharp depiction of figures in their clothing. Clothes in Ecuador and many other Latin American countries are hand made to a larger extent than in America. Bolivia is very much in t one with their traditional roots in clothing today.Many men and boys wear brightly colored knitted caps with earflaps, which help to keep them warm in the highlands. Due to warm weather in certain areas of Bolivia many Bolivians wear lightweight fabric, especially lightweight cotton. Despite the changes in civilization the many native Bolivian Indians are able to maintain their traditional style of clothing and customs. The woman wear their hair in long pigtails with a soft derby hat on their heads. Bolivian women will wear an apron over a bright skirt with many underskirts, which are cool.

First deserve then desire Essay

First deserve then desire is a well-known(a) English saying which shows how the way to glory and success can be paved by having certain abilities and capabilities.It is a fact that a humans cant get what he wants just by day-dreaming and build castles in the air. For his lofty ideals and goals, a man has to put his abilities into practice and hit to go extra mile to realize his cherished dreams. A manners spent mere by words and not by oil-bearing deeds is worthless and such a person may rush many desires, wishes and ambitions but he cant realize his dreams into existence simply because he does not toil to realize his ambitions into reality and does not deserve the glory and success attached to his ambitions.History bears ample attend to the fact that all the great work force who left a bass mark and influence on the world were men of actions. They practically did what they state and meant. In other words, they deserved the status they got through their untiring efforts and struggles. It is utter that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. If we go through the pages of history, it will be found that all the great men worked extremely hard to translate their ideals into reality. It would be pertinent to mention hither the examples of some great men who truly deserved the status and follow the world accorded to them.To begin with, Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), who was 16th President of the United States, was innate(p) to a poor farmer. He toiled extremely hard to deserve this status. He faced many ups and downs in his life. He played a learn role in preserving the unity of America during its bloody civil state of war and ended slavery. He modernized and developed America.Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965) who was the Prime Minister of groovy Britain during the second World War, could not pass the entrance examination to harrow Public School when he was barely ten or eleven years old. He disfavourd the exams as most o f the students tend to dislike exams. But, soon, he developed passion for education and utilized his potential to fuck off a great

Internet Addiction Essay

Abstract snarly computing machine exercise is a increase tender issue which is macrocosm debated worldwide. internet Addiction discommode (IAD) ruins lives by ca utilize neurological complications, psychological disturbances, and kind problems. Surveys in the get together States and Europe rich person indicated alarming prevalence place betwixt 1.5 and 8.2% 1. thither argon some(prenominal)(prenominal) reviews addressing the definition, classification, assessment, epidemiology, and co-morbidity of IAD 2-5, and virtually reviews 6-8 addressing the interference of IAD. The ingest of this paper is to experience a preferably brief overview of research on IAD and supposititious considerations from a mulish perspective base on historic period of daily fetch with clients suffering from net profit habituation. Furthermore, with this paper we intend to constitute in practical experience in the debate al close the eventual(prenominal) inclusion body of IAD in the nex t version of the Diagnostic and statistical manual(a) of Mental Disorders (DSM). rugged reck unmatchabler implement is a growing social issue which is being debated worldwide. cyberspace Addiction Disorder (IAD) ruins lives by causing neurological complications, psychological disturbances, and social problems. Surveys in the United States and Europe have indicated alarming prevalence rate between 1.5 and 8.2% 1. in that location atomic number 18 several reviews addressing the definition, classification, assessment, epidemiology, and co-morbidity of IAD 2-5, and some reviews 6-8 addressing the preaching of IAD. The aim of this paper is to give a preferably brief overview of research on IAD and theoretical considerations from a practical perspective based on long time of daily work with clients suffering from mesh dependence. Furthermore, with this paper we intend to bring in practical experience in the debate about the eventual inclusion of IAD in the next version of the Diag nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Keywords Addiction, Computer, net profit, reSTART, interposition.INTRODUCTIONThe idea that involved computer use meets criteria for an habituation, and and then should be included in the next iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 4th ed. Text Revision 9 was first proposed by Kimberly Young, PhD in her seminal 1996 paper 10. Sincethat time IAD has been extensively studied and is indeed, presently under consideration for inclusion in the DSM-V 11. Meanwhile, both China and entropy Korea have identified net income addiction as a authoritative public health threat and both countries support education, research and give-and-take 12. In the United States, despite a growing body of research, and servement for the disorder avail equal to(p) in out-patient and in-patient heaptings, there has been no formal govern amiable response to the issue of net income addiction. While the debat e goes on about whether or not the DSM-V should designate Internet addiction a mental disorder 12-14 mint flowly suffering from Internet addiction are seeking intercession. Because of our experience we support the inducement of uniform symbolatic criteria and the inclusion of IAD in the DSM-V 11 in order to advance public education, diagnosis and preaching of this important disorder.CLASSIFICATIONThere is ongoing debate about how surpass to classify the demeanour which is characterized by many hours pass in non-work technology-related computer/Internet/video game activities 15. It is accompanied by changes in inclination, soaking up with the Internet and digital media, the in major power to control the sum up of time exhausted interfacing with digital technology, the need for more time or a reinvigorated game to achieve a desired mood, withdrawal presages when not filmd, and a lengthening of the demeanour despite family conflict, a diminishing social keep and adve rse work or academic consequences 2, 16, 17. somewhat researchers and mental health practitioners see immoderate Internet use as a symptom of anformer(a) disorder such as anxiety or first gear rather than a separate entity e.g. 18.Internet addiction could be considered an caprice control disorder (not early(a)wisewise specified). Yet there is a growing consensus that this constellation of symptoms is an addiction e.g. 19. The Ameri end Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) recently released a new definition of addiction as a inveterate brain disorder, officially proposing for the first time that addiction is not circumscribed to substance use 20. All addictions, whether chemical or behavioral, share genuine characteristics including salience, compulsive use (loss of control), mood modification and the alleviation of distress, permissiveness and withdrawal, and the continuation despite negative consequences.DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR IADThe first serious proposal for diagnosti c criteria was advanced in 1996 by Dr. Young, modifying the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling 10. Since then variations in both name and criteria have been put forward to capture the problem, which is instantaneously near popularly known as Internet Addiction Disorder. Problematic Internet accustom (PIU) 21, computer addiction, Internet dependence 22, compulsive Internet use, pathological Internet use 23, and many different labels can be found in the literature. Likewise a renewing of often coincide criteria have been proposed and studied, some of which have been validated. However, empirical studies provide an inconsistent set of criteria to define Internet addiction 24. For an overview see Byun et al. 25. Beard 2 recommends that the following fiver diagnostic criteria are required for a diagnosis of Internet addiction (1) Is preoccupied with the Internet (thinks about previous online natural action or yell next online session) (2) Needs to use the Internet with in creased amounts of time in order to achieve satis featureion (3) Has made unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop Internet use (4) Is restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempting to cut coldcock or stop Internet use (5) Has stayed online longer than originally intended.Additionally, at least one of the following must be present (6) Has jeopardized or run a risked the loss of a significant relationship, job, educational or career opportunity because of the Internet (7) Has lied to family members, therapist, or others to conceal the extent of involvement with the Internet (8) Uses the Internet as a way of escaping from problems or of relieving a dysphoric mood (e.g., feelings of serve closelylessness, guilt, anxiety, depression) 2. There has been similarly been a variety of assessment tools use in evaluation. Youngs Internet Addiction Test 16, the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) developed by Demetrovics, Szeredi, and Pozsa 26 and the Compuls ive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) 27 are all examples of instruments to assess for this disorder.PREVALENCEThe considerable discrepancy of the prevalence rates drawed for IAD (between 0.3% and 38%) 28 may be credited(predicate) to the fact that diagnostic criteria and assessment questionnaires apply for diagnosis vary between countries and studies often use highly selective samples of online surveys 7. In theirreview Weinstein and Lejoyeux 1 herald that surveys in the United States and Europe have indicated prevalence rates change between 1.5% and 8.2%. Other reports place the rates between 6% and 18.5% 29. Some obvious differences with respect to the methodologies, cultural factors, outcomes and assessment tools forming the basis for these prevalence rates notwithstanding, the rates we encountered were generally high and sometimes alarming. 24ETIOLOGYThere are different models available for the development and maintenance of IAD like the cognitive-behavioral model of problematic Internet use 21, the anonymity, convenience and escape (ACE) model 30, the access, affordability, anonymity (Triple-A) locomotive 31, a phases model of pathological Internet use by Grohol 32, and a comprehensive model of the development and maintenance of Internet addiction by Winkler & Drsing 24, which takes into account socio-cultural factors (e.g., demographic factors, access to and acceptance of the Internet), biological vulnerabilities (e.g., genetic factors, abnormalities in neurochemical processes), psychological predispositions (e.g., personality characteristics, negative affects), and specific attributes of the Internet to justify excessive consumement in Internet activities 24.NEUROBIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIESIt is known that addictions touch off a combination of sites in the brain associated with pleasure, known together as the pay back center or pleasure pathway of the brain 33, 34. When activated, dopamine release is increased, along with opiates and other neurochem icals. Over time, the associated receptors may be affected, producing tolerance or the need for increasing stimulation of the reward center to upgrade a high and the subsequent characteristic behavior patterns needed to repress withdrawal. Internet use may alike lead specifically to dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens 35, 36, one of the reward structures of the brain specifically involved in other addictions 20. An example of the rewarding nature of digital technology use may be captured in the following rehearsal by a 21 year-old male in treatment for IAD I feel technology has brought so much joy into my life. No other activity relaxes me or stimulates me like technology. However, when depression hits, I tend to use technology as a wayof retreating and isolating.REINFORCEMENT/REWARDWhat is so rewarding about Internet and video game use that it could buzz off an addiction? The theory is that digital technology users experience multiple layers of reward when they use vario us computer screenings. The Internet functions on a variable star ratio reinforcement schedule (VRRS), as does gambling 29. Whatever the application (general surfing, pornography, chat inhabit, message boards, social net running(a) sites, video games, email, texting, cloud applications and games, etc.), these activities support unforeseeable and variable reward structures. The reward experienced is intensified when combined with mood enhancing/stimulating content. Examples of this would be pornography (sexual stimulation), video games (e.g. various social rewards, credit with a hero, immersive graphics), dating sites (romantic fantasy), online poker (financial) and special interest chat rooms or message boards (sense of belonging) 29, 37.BIOLOGICAL PREDISPOSITIONThere is increasing reason that there can be a genetic predisposition to habit-forming behaviors 38, 39. The theory is that individuals with this predisposition do not have an adequate consider of dopamine receptors or have an insufficient amount of serotonin/dopamine 2, thereby having difficulty experiencing normal levels of pleasure in activities that most people would find rewarding. To increase pleasure, these individuals are more likely to seek great than average engagement in behaviors that stimulate an increase in dopamine, efficaciously giving them more reward but placing them at higher risk for addiction.MENTAL HEALTH VULNERABILITIESMany researchers and clinicians have noted that a variety of mental disorders co-occur with IAD. There is debate about which came first, the addiction or the co-occurring disorder 18, 40. The scan by Dong et al. 40 had at least the authorisation to clarify this question, reporting that higher gobs for depression, anxiety, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychoticism were consequences of IAD. But collectable to the limitations of the study come on research is necessary.THE TREATMENT OF INTERNET ADDICTIONThere is a general consensus that total abstinence from the Internet should not be the goal of the incumbrances and that instead, an abstinence from problematic applications and a controlled and oddmentd Internet practice should be achieved 6. The following paragraphs illustrate the various treatment options for IAD that exist today. Unless studies examining the power of the illustrated treatments are not available, findings on the force of the presented treatments are also provided. Unfortunately, most of the treatment studies were of low methodological quality and used an intra- concourse design. The general leave out of treatment studies notwithstanding, there are treatment guidelines reported by clinicians working in the field of IAD. In her book Internet Addiction Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment, Young 41 offers some treatment strategies which are already known from the cognitive-behavioral set about (a) practice opposite time of Internet use (discover patients patterns of Internet use and disrupt these pa tterns by suggesting new schedules), (b) use foreign stoppers (real events or activities prompting the patient to log off), (c) set goals (with regard to the amount of time), (d) abstain from a particular application (that the client is unable to control), (e) use reminder cards (cues that remind the patient of the costs of IAD and benefits of breaking it), (f) develop a personal inventory (shows all the activities that the patient used to engage in or cant find the time referable to IAD), (g) enter a support convocation (compensates for a lack of social support), and (h) engage in family therapy (addresses relational problems in the family) 41. Unfortunately, clinical evidence for the readiness of these strategies is not mentioned.Non-psychological ApproachesSome authors examine pharmacologic interventions for IAD, perhaps repayable to the fact that clinicians use psychopharmacology to treat IAD despite the lack of treatment studies addressing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments. In particular, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used because of the co-morbid psychiatric symptoms of IAD (e.g. depression and anxiety) for which SSRIs have been found to be advantageously 42-46. Escitalopram (a SSRI) was used by DellOsso et al. 47 to treat 14 subjects with impulsive-compulsive Internet usage disorder. Internet usage decrease importantly from a mean of 36.8 hours/ calendar week to a baseline of 16.5 hours/week. In another(prenominal) study Han, Hwang, and Renshaw 48 used bupropion (a non-tricyclic antidepressant) and found a decrease of craving for Internet video game play, total game play time, and cue-induced brain activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex after a six week period of bupropion sustained release treatment. Methylphenidate (a psycho stimulant drug) was used by Han et al. 49 to treat 62 Internet video game-playing children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.After octette weeks of treatmen t, the YIAS-K gain and Internet usage times were significantly reduced and the authors cautiously suggest that methylphenidate dexterity be evaluated as a possible treatment of IAD. According to a study by Shapira et al. 50, mood stabilizers might also improve the symptoms of IAD. In addition to these studies, there are some instance reports of patients treated with escitalopram 45, citalopram (SSRI)- quetiapine (antipsychotic) combination 43 and naltrexone (an opioid receptor antagonist) 51. A few authors mentioned that visible exercise could compensate the decrease of the dopamine level due to reduced online usage 52. In addition, sports exercise prescriptions used in the course of cognitive behavioral group therapy may enhance the rig of the intervention for IAD 53. mental ApproachesMotivational interviewing (MI) is a client-centered yet directive method for enhancing intrinsic indigence to change by exploring and resolving client ambivalence 54. It was developed to help individuals give up habit-forming behaviors and learn new behavioral skills, using techniques such as open-ended questions, reflective listening, affirmation, and summarization to help individuals demo their concerns about change 55. Unfortunately, there are currently no studies addressing the efficacy of MI in treating IAD, but MI seems to be moderately telling in the areas of alcohol, drug addiction, and diet/exercise problems 56. Peukert et al. 7 suggest that interventions with family members or other relatives like Community Reinforcement and Family Training 57 could be useful in enhancing the motivation of an addict to cut back on Internet use, although the reviewers follow that control studies with relatives do not exist to date. Reality therapy (RT) is supposed to come on individuals to choose to improve theirlives by committing to change their behavior. It includes sessions to show clients that addiction is a choice and to give them training in time management it also i ntroduces alternative activities to the problematic behavior 58.According to Kim 58, RT is a core addiction recovery tool that offers a wide variety of uses as a treatment for addictive disorders such as drugs, sex, food, and works as well for the Internet. In his RT group counseling political platform treatment study, Kim 59 found that the treatment broadcast effectively reduced addiction level and ameliorate egotism of 25 Internet-addicted university students in Korea. Twohig and Crosby 60 used an Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) protocol including several exercises adjusted to better fit the issues with which the sample struggles to treat six openhanded males suffering from problematic Internet pornography viewing. The treatment resulted in an 85% reduction in viewing at post-treatment with results being maintained at the three month follow-up (83% reduction in viewing pornography). Widyanto and Griffith 8 report that most of the treatments employed so far had utilized a cognitive-behavioral approach. The case for using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is justified due to the good results in the treatment of other behavioral addictions/impulse-control disorders, such as pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, bulimia nervosa, and satiate eating-disorders 61.Wlfling 5 described a predominantly behavioral group treatment including identification of sustaining conditions, establishing of intrinsic motivation to reduce the amount of time being online, learning alternative behaviors, engagement in new social real-life contacts, psycho-education and delineation therapy, but unfortunately clinical evidence for the efficacy of these strategies is not mentioned. In her study, Young 62 used CBT to treat 114 clients suffering from IAD and found that participants were better able to manage their presenting problems post-treatment, showing improved motivation to stop abusing the Internet, improved ability to control their computer use, improved ability to function in offline relationships, improved ability to abstain from sexually explicit online material, improved ability to engage in offline activities, and improved ability to achieve sobriety from problematic applications. Cao, Su and Gao 63 investigated the effect of group CBT on 29 middle school students with IAD and found that IAD scads of the experimental group were lower than of the control groupafter treatment.The authors also reported improvement in psychological function. Thirty-eight adolescents with IAD were treated with CBT intentional particularly for addicted adolescents by Li and Dai 64. They found that CBT has good effectuate on the adolescents with IAD (CIAS scores in the therapy group were significant lower than that in the control group). In the experimental group the scores of depression, anxiety, compulsiveness, self-blame, illusion, and retreat were significantly decreased after treatment. Zhu, Jin, and Zhong 65 compared CBT and electro acupuncture (EA) plus CBT assigning forty-seven patients with IAD to one of the two groups respectively. The authors found that CBT alone or combined with EA can significantly reduce the score of IAD and anxiety on a self-rating scale and improve self-conscious health status in patients with IAD, but the effect obtained by the combined therapy was better.Multimodal TreatmentsA multimodal treatment approach is characterized by the implementation of several different types of treatment in some cases even from different disciplines such as pharmacology, psychotherapy and family counseling simultaneously or sequentially. Orzack and Orzack 66 mentioned that treatments for IAD need to be multidisciplinary including CBT, psychotropic medication, family therapy, and case managers, because of the complexity of these patients problems. In their treatment study, Du, Jiang, and Vance 67 found that multimodal school-based group CBT (including parent training, teacher education, and group CBT) was effective for a dolescents with IAD (n = 23), particularly in amend emotional state and regulation ability, behavioral and self-management style. The effect of another multimodal intervention consisting of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), family therapy, and CT was investigated among 52 adolescents with IAD in China. After three months of treatment, the scores on an IAD scale (IAD-DQ), the scores on the SCL-90, and the amount of time spent online decreased significantly 68.Orzack et al. 69 used a psychoeducational program, which combines psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral theoretical perspectives, using a combination of Readiness to Change (RtC), CBT and MI interventions to treat a group of 35 men involved in problematic Internet-enabled sexual behavior (IESB). In this group treatment, the quality of life increased and the level of depressive symptoms decreasedafter 16 (weekly) treatment sessions, but the level of problematic Internet use failed to decrease significantly 69. Internet add iction related symptom scores significantly decreased after a group of 23 middle school students with IAD were treated with Behavioral Therapy (BT) or CT, detoxification treatment, psychosocial rehabilitation, personality mold and parent training 70.Therefore, the authors concluded that psychotherapy, in particular CT and BT were effective in treating middle school students with IAD. Shek, Tang, and Lo 71 described a multi-level counseling program designed for young people with IAD based on the responses of 59 clients. Findings of this study suggest this multi-level counseling program (including counseling, MI, family perspective, case work and group work) is lustrous to help young people with IAD. Internet addiction symptom scores significantly decreased, but the program failed to increase psychological well-being significantly. A six-week group counseling program (including CBT, social competence training, training of obstinance strategies and training of communication skills) was shown to be effective on 24 Internet-addicted college students in China 72. The authors reported that the adapted CIAS-R scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group post-treatment.The reSTART ProgramThe authors of this article are currently, or have been, affiliated with the reSTART Internet Addiction recuperation Program 73 in Fall City, Washington. The reSTART program is an inpatient Internet addiction recovery program which integrates technology detoxification (no technology for 45 to 90 days), drug and alcohol treatment, 12 step work, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), experiential adventure based therapy, Acceptance and Commitment therapy (ACT), brain enhancing interventions, animal support therapy, motivational interviewing (MI), mindfulness based relapse prevention (MBRP), Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR), interpersonal group psychotherapy, individual psychotherapy, individualized treatments for co-occurring disor ders, psycho- educational groups (life visioning, addiction education, communication and assertiveness training, social skills, life skills, Life balance plan), aftercare treatments (monitoring of technology use, ongoing psychotherapy and group work), and continuing care (outpatient treatment) in an individualized, holistic approach.The firstresults from an ongoing OQ45.2 74 study (a self-reported measurement of subjective discomfort, interpersonal relationships and social role performance assessed on a weekly basis) of the short-term impact on 19 adults who complete the 45+ days program showed an improved score after treatment. Seventy-four percent of participants showed significant clinical improvement, 21% of participants showed no reliable change, and 5% deteriorated. The results have to be regarded as preliminary due to the small study sample, the self-report measurement and the lack of a control group. Despite these limitations, there is evidence that the program is responsibl e for most of the improvements demonstrated.CONCLUSIONAs can be seen from this brief review, the field of Internet addiction is advancing rapidly even without its official recognition as a separate and distinct behavioral addiction and with continuing departure over diagnostic criteria. The ongoing debate whether IAD should be classified as an (behavioral) addiction, an impulse-control disorder or even an obsessive compulsive disorder cannot be satisfactorily resolved in this paper. But the symptoms we observed in clinical practice show a great deal of overlap with the symptoms ordinarily associated with (behavioral) addictions. Also it remains unclear to this day whether the underlying mechanisms responsible for the addictive behavior are the same in different types of IAD (e.g., online sexual addiction, online gaming, and excessive surfing).From our practical perspective the different shapes of IAD fit in one category, due to various Internet specific commonalities (e.g., anonym ity, riskless interaction), commonalities in the underlying behavior (e.g., avoidance, fear, pleasure, entertainment) and overlapping symptoms (e.g., the increased amount of time spent online, preoccupation and other signs of addiction). Nevertheless more research has to be done to substantiate our clinical impression. Despite several methodological limitations, the strength of this work in parity to other reviews in the international body of literature addressing the definition, classification, assessment, epidemiology, and co-morbidity of IAD 2-5, and to reviews 6-8 addressing the treatment of IAD, is that it connects theoretical considerations with the clinical practice of interdisciplinary mental health experts working for years in the field of Internet addiction.Furthermore, the current work gives a goodoverview of the current state of research in the field of internet addiction treatment. Despite the limitations stated above this work gives a brief overview of the current sta te of research on IAD from a practical perspective and can therefore be seen as an important and helpful paper for further research as well as for clinical practice in particular.

Greek or Shakespearean Essay

The essential comp singlent to any catastrophe, Greek or Shakespearean, is a protagonist with a fatal defect. In Greek tragedy this is called hamartia. This Latin term translates directly into the word flaw but is usually used to describe an excess of a personality trait sexual abstention or vice. The protagonists fatal flaw pushes the the plot and attain of the tragedy forward. It is this tragic flaw, which leads to the eventual downfall of the character, his circumstances, and the denouement of the drama. In examining the tidy sum of the literatures protagonists, no other character embodies the essential economic consumption of the flawed protagonist analogous hamlet. hamlets fatal flaw is his mindlism. Only formerly village overcomes his idealism is he able to try out his strike back. The climax of the play occurs with crossroadss realization that the world is not as it seems and that he must shrug off his idealistic set and avenge his produces murder Act 3, opin ion 4. In Shakespeares hamlet, act 3 motion-picture show 4, is a pivotal scene within the play. The scene begins in the Queens chamber, as Hamlet slams the door open, with steel in hand. They engage in a negotiation of riddles combined with Hamlets mishandling of the weapon makes the Queen uneasy.Hamlet is disquiet at the Queen for marrying his sires brother. The Queen screams Thou wilt not murder me? Help, ho and as Polonius responds, Hamlet promptly shoves his sword into the curtain where Polonius hides and swiftly cancel outs him. Hamlet wonders if it was the King, half hoping that it was Claudius, who Hamlet has been trying to kill the whole play. He fantasies about killing him, in the previous scene, he states In th incestuous pleasure of his bed. Hamlet is consumed by the idea of Claudius and Gertrude making love. Once he knows that he only killed Polonius he continues to scold him mother.She responds In th incestuous pleasure of his bed and Hamlet replies A bloody deed. Almost as bad, pricey mother, As kill a king and marry with his brother. Again Hamlet contrasts the 2 brothers that Gertrude has become gnarly with. Hamlet must avenge his fathers death. In doing so he must not only kill Claudius but excessively resurrect his father. He does this by outlining how his fathers good qualities oppose to his uncles bad qualities. Hamlet laments Look here upon this picture, and on this, The bull presentment of two brothers. See what a grace was seated on this brow, Hyperions curls, the front of Jove himself,.. . This was your husband. Look you now what follows. Here is your husband, like a mildewd ear Blasting his wholesome brother. Hamlet contrasts the two brothers which he claims are completely the opposite. Hamlet believes that Gertrude might has mistaken one for the other. Hamlet continues to verbally assault his mother. Much of what he says is a ingeminate of Hamlets first solioquy, frailty thy name is wo world as well as Hamlet aggres sive behavior toward Ophelia in the conical buoy scene. Act 3, scene 4 is the part of the play when the climax happens. Hamlet must first confront the cause of this murder, Queen Gertrude.It is within in this scene that Hamlet gets his first taste of vengenance and murder when he substantially kills Polonius. After this murder, Hamlet decides he can and must kill his fathers murderer, Claudius. However, Hamlets leaves his mother alone because his fathers ghost appears and advises Hamlet to Leave her to heaven. Hamlet respects and loves his father in life and withal in death and adheres to the ghosts advice. Hamlets goal is to bring back his fathers reign not just by pointing out Claudius faults but also by humiliating his mother and her new world to trash. Hamlet continues pitch you eyes?Could you on this fair mountain leave to feed And guarantee on this moor? Ha, have you eyes? Hamlet is trying to impel his mother give up her new life with Claudius, to find her commitment to her dead husband, and back to the way things used to be. Hamlet takes the role of do in and minister, and tells her she can redeem herself from being a whore to being the good wife she used to be. Hamlet advises her to leave Claudius, the moor and climbs up on her dead husbands mountain. Hamlet explains throw forward the worser part of your cleft heart, Hamlet instructs her, And live the purer with the other half. However, Hamlet, as often as he wants to love his mother, can not get prehistorical his belief that she is responsible for his fathers death. It is substantial to note that this scene takes place in the Queens bedroom. The conversation symbolized Hamlet and Gertrude fundamentally in bed together and hints to a sexual relationship. Hamlet speaks like a jealous lover chastising his girlfriend for sleeping with a polar man and making their bed enseamed. The Queen is extremely upset and very asks Hamlet to help her figure out what to do.At this point when Hamlet should have told her to confess, he urges her to stop her relationship with Claudius, Not this, by no means, that I bid you do Let the bloat king ask round you again to bed (Act III, sc iv). It is in the moment that Hamlet allows his emotion to dominate over his intellect that Claudius was killed. He is consumed by the thoughts of his fathers demise and is haunted by the knowledge that his fathers mortal will not be able to rest until his death is avenged. Hamlet willfully concludes, My thoughts be bloody or be nothing outlay (Act IV sc iv).It is then that Hamlet ultimately had the ability to abolish his idealistic nature, and do what is right. The murder is not a well think scheme and occurs in the heat of the moment. Hamlet, after the murder of Claudius never once wavers in his decision. He has done what is right and believes that There is a particular(prenominal) providence in the fall of a sparrow (Act V sc ii). Hamlet is able to do anything but take vengeance upon the man who did away with his father and has taken his fathers place with his mother. The disoblige which should have caused him to take immediate revenge was replaced by pity for himself.It is Hamlets idealistic nature that creates the ultimate theme and driving take out behind all the rising action, falling action, and resolution of this tragedy as well as the death of his mother. The way in which Hamlet views his mother, father, and Claudius is finally revealed in Act 3, scene 4. Once Hamlet is able to be honest about his feelings, he is able to finally seek revenge for his fathers murder. This scene is pivotal to denouement of the play and essential to Hamlets transformation from a boy to man who embodies the important qualities which were cherished and expect by an Elizabethan audiences.

Ibn Sina/Avicenna

Ibn Sinas repute brought him the title the leading eminent scholar (al-Shayk al Rais). debate the signifi thunder mugce of his philosophic ideas with special focus on his billet amidst his message and introduction, and its role in his proof for God as the demand subsistent. Ibn Sina, or Avicenna, born 980 AD, was a leading polymath of many subjects many of his theories be lock in renowned today 240 of (approximately) 450 works can au whencetic anyy be attributed to him, contributing to mainly practice of medicine and school of thought, but also astronomy, physics, psychology, geology and regular(a) poetry. A devout Islamic and child prodigy, he had memorised the Quran by the age of ten, and chop-chop surpassed his teachers of the Hanafi Sunni school, and by the age of 16 was fully learned in the sciences of his time.After perusal medicine, he cycleed his attention to physics and metaphysics, exercise Aristotles Metaphysics 40 times, until he had memorised it, yet he could not grasp its meaning until reading al-Farabis commentary which enlightened his problems of understanding. He began writing his own talk over on this case and many some others on his travels to Isfahan whilst working as a physician to Kings and other heavy figures, gaining prestige in medical matters and his friendship of school of thought, theology and metaphysics was widely recognised.Even after his death in 1038 AD, his works possess continued to influence philosophical and medical thought his canon of medicine served as the highest medical authority for 600 years, and the translation of kitab al-Shifa (Book of Healing) into Latin served as the beginning point for many other prestigious thinkers, such as doubting Thomas, and this cover will be further looked at here.Avicenna is considered the most famous and powerful of the philosopher-scientists of the Islamic world There ar many other Islamic philosophers that rush attempted to take metaphysics, but Ibn S inas works al superstar systematic entirelyy and consistently focus on both ontological and cosmologic literary program lines that argon not self-contradictory and address the underlying issue of harmonise the Islamic opinion with philosophy. Before Avicenna, falsafa (Arabic Aristotelian and Neoplatonic philosophy) and kalam (Islamic doctrinal theology) were distinct strands of thought, even though a good deal of cross-fertilization took place among them.After Avicenna, by contrast, the two strands fused together and post-Avicennan kalam emerged as a authentically Islamic philosophy, a synthesis of Avicennas metaphysics and Muslim article of faith. This is the immemorial debate for his lasting prestige his ideas in the Book of Healing operose not on medicine, but on the healing of the soul and body, and held two key funda amiable ideas the mark between essence and creative activity, and God as the unavoidable real(a), a doctrine that has previously not been merged successfully.The doctrine of a thing (shay) proved difficult to define for the Mutazilis, as although they let out that a thing can each be existent or non-existent they struggled to define where the non-existent entities lay. Using the Quranic verse of creation our statement to a thing, when we beseech it to be, consist merely in our saying Be and then it is. (The hallowed Quran 1640), we can identify that something can exist in headspring originally it exists in actuality God thought of a thing then willed it into being by saying be and it was. This shows that the idea of the thing existed before its reality, meaning that the Mutazilis were able to conceive of the thingness of detail entities, and their universality (of thingness) can either exist in reality or in mentality. They could not address the idea of non-existent things, (madum) such as a squ are circle, as their im achievableness cannot even exist in the mind. This idea opposes the Sunni theological perspective , where they hold that thingness and human beings are one and the same.They hold the idea of co-extensiveness (where all things are existents, and all existents are things) as they believe that this idea solves the problem of creatio ex nihilo they did not want to give any flexibility to the idea that things existed before creation, or held eternality alongside God. They held that a thing was the sum of all its predicates, one of which was institution a thing could not be without it existing. However, this poses problems for the mankind of things that can besides occur in the mind, for example, a unicorn.There is a split in Sunni philosophy where some believe that a thing can either be considered as extra-mentally existent, (and so exist just as much as they would in actuality) or some believe a thing that entirely exists in the mind simply does not exist whatsoever. This is problematic, as we can all conceive of a unicorn, despite its non-reality, ( in that locationfore it can not simply not exist at all), yet we cannot think of a unicorn existing in the mind on the same level as our own earth. Ibn Sina draws upon al-Farabis appointment that thing and existence cannot be used as the same copulative you cannot ubstitute thing for exists in a sentence in a counselling that can make sense for example, one can easily identify that the statement Zayd exists as a man to be appropriate, but one cannot say Zayd thing as a man, as it is nonsensical. Therefore, Ibn Sina concludes that there is a distinction between thing and existence, and also makes the distinction between existents and non-existents. For Avicenna, there are four kinds of scientific questions. 1) mavin is a question about the existence or non-existence of things. 2) Another is about the whatness of things. 3) And other is about the whichness or thatness of things. ) Also, there is the question about the rationality of things. His distinction between essence and existence not only addresses the problem of the Sunni theologians, but, in his mind, satisfies what a thing is, and that its existence is not a predicate of thingness, and this argument can prove the existence of God as indispensable. For Ibn Sina, existence adds to an essence specific determination external to the essence of a thing existence adds to essence, an essence can be without existing, for example, the demonstration of the unicorn its essence is separate from its existence as we can conceive of it without its actuality.He further explains this with categorising the necessary (wajib) and the possible/contingent (mumkir). Avicenna makes three distinctions concrete existent, a mental existent and that which is uncomplete of these two. A concrete existent is that which adds existence to its essence that is to say that it, as an essence, also has existence. A mental existent is that which has essence, but not existence (such as a unicorn it has essence be arrange we can think of it).That which is neithe r is that which is logically impossible to exist even in the mind, such as a square circle as it is impossible to conceive of such a thing, this does not even have essence. This solves the problem faced by Sunni philosophers, as it highlights the distinction between mental essences without existence and concrete essences with existence. Avicenna continues to argue three further aspects of essences necessary, possible or impossible. Those that are impossible are those that it is illogical to think about, such as square circles, and as we have already shown, these do not have essence OR existence.That which is necessary is so be generate its very essence implies existence its denial would postulate a contradiction, (which we will further explain later). The possible is that which has essence that has possible to exist it can either exist, or not exist. This is what contingent beings are categorised as they have the potentiality to exist, by the cause of another(prenominal)(prenom inal) it cannot exist by dint of itself, as otherwise it would be necessary, and it cannot not exist, as otherwise it would be impossible. Once actualised (through another), concrete existence is added to the essence.Avicenna would argue that mental essences are not concrete existents because they have not been brought into existence by another, so remain as potential essences that could exist, but do not in actuality. So far then, it has been demonstrated that Ibn Sina made the distinction of essences between that which cannot exist, that what can exist if brought into being by another, and that which exists through its own definition of its essence. When a possible essence is actualised through another, and becomes a concrete existent, it becomes necessary through another it must be caused by a cause external to itself.This in turn, must also be caused by another previous external cause, and so on. However, these causes cannot continue ad infinitum- there must be an external ca use that itself is not caused by any other being external to itself, that is to say, that the cause is contained within itself, what Avicenna calls necessary through itself. There cannot be an infinite regress of causes, but must be one cause that can sustain and contain all possible causes, but itself need not be caused, as its essence itself contains existence, the inevitable Existent God.So then, we have tackled the question previously posed of the existence or non-existence of things, what they are (possible/necessary), and the thatness (whether it is necessary through another or itself) in turn answering the fourth question set out by Ibn Sina of the cause of things. Proof of Gods existence from this argument stems from the cosmological argument an idea from Aristotle that there must be a First lawsuit in order to bring about the causes that cause others.However, Ibn Sina improves this argument by recognising that what something is differs from the fact that it is. Ibn Sinas way of making his point is to say that esse fact of a things existence is an accidental property of things that is a quality it may or may not possess, without changing what it is Previously, philosophers such as Aristotle had only considered the nature of things, quite than setting them apart from their bodily realisation. The distinction Avicenna makes between physical and mental existence is one that Aristotle had trouble in combatting. The most important text of this kind is Avicennas al-Shifa? (The Healing, namely from ignorance). The title was wrongly (but aptly) translated into Latin as Sufficientia, as if Avicennas single countrywide work was a sufficient replacement for the several books of Aristotle This distinction was so important that every philosopher after Ibn Sina had to respond the question was now unornamented that there must be primacy of either essence or existence, as he had distinguished that they were not one and the same.Debate has followed Ibn Sinas argument, that has mainly interpreted two paths Suhrawardi decides that essence is prior to existence, whereas Ibn Arabi believes that only existence is real and essences are how existence presents itself to us. Thus, it has been demonstrated that Ibn Sina was successful in using an argument from reason that signifies God as the one creator, First to cause others, from which we could not possibly exist if it were not for His necessary existence through Himself.This was so intemperate for his time, as it had only been remarked that there previously lay a difference between the necessary and possible. Avicennas distinction between through itself and through another led to the reconciliation of Islamic thought and philosophical reason there lies no contradiction between our own existence as concrete and Gods existence as exclusively other, beyond our conception of contingent.This argument was so influential on both later thinkers due to his ability to draw upon early philosophical ideas and his faith brought together Aristotelian and neo-Platonic philosophy and Islamic theology in a way that made the distinction between theoretical and practical intimacy logically acknowledging that the first cause as a necessary existent can only be a monotheistic God, as all predicates, including that of existence are perfectly contained within the very definition of His essence.This hypothesis is reconcilable with Islamic thought as it signals disenchantment with neo-Platonic thought, developing a more personal philosophy that argues for our own necessary existence (through another), whilst still acknowledging that God is unattainably necessary through Himself. Ibn Sina envisaged a world resting on two pillars a) Greek philosophy and b) Quranic revelation and the virtues of manIbn Sina was a passing spiritual and ethical person, considering that, for him, teaching and learning should lead also to root in faith deeply in the soul of the item-by-item. This meant that eac h individual had meaning for their own life, which they could relate back to God, personally having their own cause rooted in the Divine Necessary Existent. Bibliography * Avicenna Farhang Zabeeh, ( Ed. Trans. ) Avicennas Treatise on Logic Part One of Danesh-Name Alai (a Concise Philosophical encyclopaedia and autobiography) (Martinus Nijoff, the Hague, 1971) * Charles Burnett, Arabic into Latin the reception of Arabic philosophy into Western atomic number 63 in The Cambridge Companion to Arabic philosophy, ed. turncock Adamson and Richard C Taylor (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005) * F. C. Bauerschmidt, Holy Teaching Introducing the Summa Theologiae of St. doubting Thomas Aquinas (Michigan, Brazos Press, 2005) * Robert Wisnovsky, Avicenna and the Avicennan Tradition in The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, ed. Peter Adamson and Richard C Taylor (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005) * Sebastian Gunther, Be Masters in That You Teach and Continue to try M edieval Muslim Thinkers on Educational theory in proportional Education Review, Vol. 0, zero(prenominal) 3, (August 2006) Article DOI 10. 1086/503881 Web Resources * Encyclop? dia Britannica Online, s. v. Avicenna, accessed December 11, 2011, http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/ topic/45755/Avicenna * http//quran. com/ accessed 15/12/11 1 . Encyclop? dia Britannica Online, s. v. Avicenna, accessed December 11, 2011, http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/45755/Avicenna. 2 . Robert Wisnovsky, Avicenna and the Avicennan Tradition in The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, ed.Peter Adamson and Richard C Taylor (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005) p. 92 3 . The Holy Quran 1640 as cited from http//quran. com/16/40 (Sahih International Translation) accessed on 15/12/11 4 . Robert Wisnovsky, Avicenna and the Avicennan Tradition in The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy pp. 106-107 5 . Avicenna & Farhang Zabeeh (Ed. Trans. ) Avicennas Treatise on Logic Part One of Danesh-Name Alai (a Concise PhilosophicalEncyclopaedia and autobiography) (Martinus Nijoff, the Hague, 1971) p. 5 6 . F. C. Bauerschmidt, Holy Teaching Introducing the Summa Theologiae of St. Thomas Aquinas (Michigan, Brazos Press, 2005) p. 57 7 . Charles Burnett, Arabic into Latin the reception of Arabic philosophy into Western Europe in The Cambridge Companion to Arabic philosophy, p. 371 8 . Sebastian Gunther, Be Masters in That You Teach and Continue to Learn Medieval Muslim Thinkers on Educational theory in Comparative Education Review, Vol. 50, No. 3, (August 2006) pp. 376 377 Article DOI 10. 1086/503881

Women Entrepreneurship

INTRODUCTION The emergence of women entrepreneur & their comp iodinnt government agency to the national economy is quite visible in India. Women pitch break down aw be of their existence, their rights & their work situations. The number of women entrepreneur has grown over a period especially in the 1990s. Women have owned & operated business since the initiation-off of Ameri canister history & much earlier in other part of the demesne. They rargonly were recognize or given credit for their effort.Often women were unseeable as they worked side by side with their husband in businesses & whitethorn have only stepped into the leadership position when their husband died. Many recognized business today are owned & operated by the wife or daughter of the founder. Due to gender discrimination & bias many a(prenominal) women subscribe to the option of starting & managing their own business that can impede womens success in the corporate world. Women entrepreneurship withd warm to be studied respectively for two main reasons. the first reason is that womens entrepreneurship has been recognised during the outlive decade as an untapped source of economic growth.Women entrepreneurs create refreshed jobs for themselves & others by being diametric also provide society with different solution to management , organization & business problem as head as to the exploitation of entrepreneurs opportunities. The second reason is that the topic of women entrepreneurship has been largely unheeded both in society general & in social science. non only have women lower participation rates in entrepreneurial then men but they also generally choose to start & manage firms in different industries then men tend to do.Industries choosen by women are a great deal perceived as being less in-chief(postnominal) to economic development & growth then high technology & manufacturing pull ahead more research tend to be men streamed & too often do not take in to account the speci fic need of women entrepreneur. Why women become entrepreneur- Women often leave the corporate world by starting their own business, to provide additional flexibility & vivification balance in managing their traditional responsibilities as wife & primary quill oversee taker of children.Different theories suggest that there is no set & standard write that can be practically applied. For every women who is an entrepreneurs or wants to become one they each have their own set of reasons, motivation & many can not be categorized. Female & male Difference- In analyze the management bearing of women & men entrepreneurs women display distinctive features & abilities. Women entrepreneurs shows trans variationational style of leadership. this style encourages positive interactions & trust based relationship with subordinate with whom they also luck power & training.Women in non traditional industries value many both as a motivator and the preferred out come yet Buttner & Moores resear ch finding indicate that womens important goals are for pro growth, development, challenge & self fulfilment while mens are preferred higher income. Barriers against women entrepreneurs- Capital Finance - There are many barriers for women entrepreneurs when falling the prospects of starting a new business research finds the primary barriers is the coming to capital finance.This could also include start up finance & credit, cash flow management in the early operation & pecuniary planning. omit of network - Another prominent barrier that women entrepreneurs face is the drop of network of information, assistance & mentors. Networking is a set of interrelated relationship that mutually benefit or that are involved, through sharing & giving resources, information & data and personal referrals set. Due to the gender difference in access to network women was excluded from many of the formal & informal networks in organization.Apart form that there are respective(a) obstacles that w omen entrepreneurs face some of these are low-toned risk bearing ability Male dominated society Lack of Education Scarcity of raw material Role of women Entrepreneurs in the spheric economy Entrepreneurship emerges from an individuals creative spirit in to long-run business proprietorship, job creation & economic security. Women bring commitment and faithfulness because they care about economic empowerment, entrepreneurial development & innovation. As owner of small & edium size enterprise women can supply multinational companies with ideas, inventions, technology, raw materials supplies components & business services, ultimately young-bearing(prenominal) business owner will be recognized for who they are, what they do & how significantly they contact global economy. The global impact of women entrepreneur is just beginning to gain intensity. Worldwide the no. of female business owner continues to increase steadily & recent on inform concluded that economic development is clo sely related to the advancement of women. In nation where women have advanced economic growth has usually been steady.By contrast, in countries where women have been restricted the economy has been stagnant. Thus we can narrate entrepreneurship is the core of economic development. It is a multidimensional task & essentially a creative activity. Entrepreneur is key factor of entrepreneurship in the process of entrepreneurship. Women have to face various problems associated with entrepreneurship & these problems get doubled because of her dual role as a wage earner & home maker. Women in India constitute a larger proportion of total unemployed population & hence it is supreme to find out the entrepreneurial constraint faced by them.In Rajasthan situation of women entrepreneur is very critical they face more problems because they are less educated & not aware of govt. supports. In brief the overindulge of the study is as follows To ascertain the various constraint faced by women in their enterprise. To identify different strength and weakness of women entrepreneur. To identify various psychological characteristics of women entrepreneur. To know the problems faced by women entrepreneur in vista their enterprise. To know the opportunities and threat faced by women entrepreneurs in Rajasthan.

Candy empathy task Essay

Well, here I am again on the same nonagenarian spreading full of the same old ranch workers. It wasnt going to be exchangeable this. I nearly got a means from it solely. Ya see, in all them another(prenominal) I had a daydream. Made me feel kinda special, I spose, because there aint too many guys who hang on to a vision these days. Anyhow, Lennies gone now. I gotta say point if he was a half-baked bastard that shattered my dream, he was somebody to talk to, in fact he was the one that told me about the dream in the first place. I will miss that crazy bastard. ways are back to what they were before George and Lennie turned up. The same old quite a little as before. Curley is still as cocky as before unless he has a screwed up hand. I heard Curley say to Carlson that if he comes across another girl that he likes his hand is going into that hand again. And the other difference is that my companion is not here. I remember how he used to follow me everywhere even if he was get ting a bit old and did not look very attractive like he used to but that was hardly his fault. Still if it had to be do I would have preferred to do it myself.He was my dog, my companion, my friend. I feignt know how I am going to get through the last few years of my life without him. I shoulda done it myself. They woulda allow me leave this ranch but where would I go. I cant go to the farm on my own can I. The thought of expiration my dog behind, is just too powerful so Ive dogged Im not going anywhere. My dog jus goes lash out and round in my head. I mean, Carlson is a fine bloke n all but I still regret it. I bet it was that Curley that told him to do it. Bloody hand fulla Vaseline guy.From the moment Lennie and Curley met everyone was expecting trouble. I mean, that was all we talked bout at dinner. Those two are a right pair. I mean, a crazy bastard and a golden gloves champion. Yet, it looked like the crazy bastard mixed-up in the end. After all that he did I mean, cru shing Curleys hand and breaking his wifes neck. He went and lost the fight. in that location aint nobody that I know of, and if there was I would know, that has done that much damage to Curley. So off he went to interpret Lennie and put an end to it. Then all I remember was that Carlsons gun was missing.Rumour has it that George hadda overpower Lennie to get the gun. Then Lennie got shot in a struggle but I gotta feeling that, by the way fragile was quiet, that something is not right. Everyones moving on now. George has left. Lennie is dead. Curleys wife is dead. Curleys gotta new girlfriend. I nearly hadda new pup from Lulu, Slims dog, but jus as I was pickin it it made me feel disconsolate inside made me feel even worse bout my old companion.

Emerging possibilities and ongoing reforms Essay

In twenty-first century, nations argon increasingly becoming diverse, globalised, and analyz fitted and media structured. This rapidly changing serviceman filled with fantastic pertly tribulations of necessity to be addressed using exciting new-make emerge possibilities. To play along new possibilities, modern grooming sort outs atomic number 18 progressively driven by a growing understanding of what works in culture and how to go about productively improving teaching and nurture in schools.This imbibe willing focus on emerging possibilities and ongoing rec all over in basal program line that are needed for twenty-first century discipline and wherefore need to be embraced both locally and globally.This essay will include the elaboration on emerging technologies that are creation utilise with the purpose of obtaining the global and local requirements and ongoing neatens on schooling such as Gonski for better schools, Melbourne declaration that acknowledges major changes in the world that are placing new demands on Australian education and globalization. People virtually the world are taking their education out of school into mansions, libraries, lucre cafes and workplaces, where they can decide what they want to learn, when they want to learn and how they want to learn. (Colin, Allan et.al, 2009, p3).This new scholarship model uses technologies to enable people of all ages to pursue nurture on their own terms. Traditional class room based, single instructors as instructor model of education has now been replaced by emerging technologies that are being developed constantly in todays desist moving digital world. It is an innovative engineering that is reshaping the nature of education. Computer and meshwork based technologies now hold great potential for increasing the glide path to information as well as a means of advance learning.(schoolcomputing.wikia.com/wiki/Emerging_Technologies). It redefines the way educators teach a nd the role of sole source of information to being a guide, facilitator and coach in the learning process. The major emerging technologies for primary education can be interactive whiteboard, I pads and cloud computing. synergistic whiteboard is designed to help learners learn sorting of ways and for teachers to teach in a range of ways with the ability of using online resources and fun insertion.It is an emerging technology in Australia precisely globally like UK it has been found to be successful and effective in teaching primary students (Torff & Toritta, 2010). Now what is the precept for using interactive whiteboard in primary classroom? It increases motivation and military operation of student as teacherscan integrate flexibly a variety of pedagogical approaches and the power to efficiently deliver multimedia or multimodal presentation with a touch sensitive screen.It can also increase the student and teacher interaction and can make the teachers teaching process unlin ed and effective. An interesting element of interactive whiteboard is it consent tos students from different classroom roughly democracy and globally to interact through programs such as Skype or YouTube. This suffers for an erectile online classroom, broadening the students own community of practice. Another form of emerging technology is the use of Ipad in the classroom, which is a creative, manpower-on device which allows students through educational applications, eBooks and iTunes to engage with content interactively and secly obtain information moving out from the industrial era model where the classroom is the central learning place.why do teachers might use Ipad in primary classroom? thither are number of reasons why Ipad can be very serious emerging technology but one of the most useful features is its manduction information, receiving updates and conducting research hence helpful in communicating and collaborating with the world alfresco the classroom. Ipad can b e very useful peter to interact with others around the world so it connects and perform extended learning. Final emerging new technology for 21st century learner is cloud computing.It refers to as the future of education and storing and accessing of applications and computer data often through web web browser rather than running installed software on personal computer. (www.cloudcomputingdefined.com). It is an interactive tool where student and teacher can instantaneously collaborate both in and out of the classroom and learn in real time with instant feedback. Cloud computing provides transparency for teachers and their student collectively they are able to communicate with each other.What is the rational for cloud computing being a useful emerging technology for 21st century learner? whizz of the reasons it can be useful is its versatility as it can be accessed from home or school therefore great for collaborative assessments or base based projects. This new technology will e ncourage students to develop and plead ICT skills (http//cloud-computing3100.wikispaces.com/Rationale+for+cloud+computing). The driving force layabout educational regenerate comes from new technologies that greatly enhance educational opportunities.These new emerging technologiesallow the improved pedagogy that will revolutionize learning. ( Molebash, 1999). In 21st century, omnipresent availability of ICT had significant implications on education. A significant reform is postulate in education, world-wide, to respond to shape global trends. Systematic education reform is needed that include curriculum like National education conformity, pedagogy, teacher training and school organization like GONSKI reform. (Mcgaw, 2009, p1).Earlier this year, Skidmore and Carmicheal mentioned in The telecommunicate UK that reform is not only necessary, it is essential if we are to ensure that pupils are equipped with the knowledge and skills for the twenty first century.(Skidmore and Carmich eal, 2013). Being able to do my practical placement at Garfield Barwick School managed by Royal build of Deaf and Blind Children (RIDBC), I realized that there is a massive requirement of special education teachers not only in Australia but globally.In England, an education reform is passed where parents are given control over their childrens special education needs (SEN) budgets, allowing them to choose expert hold back rather than local authorities being the sole provider. (Quinn and Malik, 2012). This is described as being the biggest reform of SEN for 30 years. However, while this reform offer hope, it create anxiety among parents too, as it divides children into two groups School exploit and School Action plus. Lorraine Peterson, chief executive officer of the Nation Association of SEN, fears teachers could be left over(p) with endless lists of pupils and too little expertise as to how to deal with them (Shepherd, 2012). furthermore ,there is also a concern in relate to th is reform that what come to it will have of forward devicening and co-ordination of putting budgets in the hands of many individuals and families, keeping in mind that not all parents are beaver advocates of their childrens needs hence will not be able to provide the best expert assistance for their children. (Shepherd, 2012). This is one of the drawbacks of SEN reform in England. In comparison to that, Australian government has deferred this reform since 2009 in order to allow more time for further consultation.( picky education reform put on hold ABC News (Australian air Corporation), 2009). An article by Philip Garner and Fiona Forbes in 2012 mentioned that Australia is appeared to slow down in some areas of special education and appearing to adopt wait and see approach. (Garner and Forbes, 2012, P 62).Currently Australia is investing $550 million in Improving instructor Quality NationalPartnership, in this reform agenda, priority and highest status should be given to inclu sive environment to ensure that schools are given best possible teachers to be inclusive for the special need education. (Garner and Forbes, 2012, P 65). Special education need reform is not particularly focused locally but globally like UK it is getting implemented. The core principal behind this reform is proper funding to school and teacher training to allow every child to perk up world class education and Australia is endeavoring to get to a reform around SEN.Gonski reform can correlate to SEN reform as it focuses on the funding of schools to support their student and help teachers to receive additional training and support, from pre-service teachers to principals. Under Better School aims commencement in 2014, it is a plan to improve results of all schools and students by introducing education reforms that obviously improves results. This plan is based on five core areas 1.Quality teaching2.Quality learning3.Empowered school leadership4.Meeting student need5.Greater transpa rency and accountabilityThis plan aims to take Australian schools into top five by 2025 (What is the Better Schools Plan?, n.d. ). Therefore why do we need this plan? This plan is needful to meet the international standard as it has been revealed that even though Australian schools are good, our performance is declining and a greater gap has developed betwixt highest and lowest performing students.The recent review of funding of schooling stumbled on current school funding do not fulfill the requirements necessary to meet the educational needs of all students (What is the Better Schools Plan?, n.d. ). In my point of view, Melbourne Declaration on education goals for Young Australians can develop better school plans core reforms by overarching two goals for schooling in Australia where one goal promote equity and excellence in schools and second making creative individuals and active and informed citizen. Under this declaration, local education goals can collaborate with global ed ucation goals.The Melbourne Declaration supports National study Agreement which articulates the commitment of Australian government to ensure that all Australian school students acquire theknowledge and skills to participate effectively in beau monde and employment in a globalised economy. (Educational goals ACARA, 2009). This National Education Agreement (NEA) has been made between the Commonwealth of Australia and all State and territories.The key objective of this agreement is to enable Australian students to compete with world and participate effectively. Under this agreement, the earth wise curriculum is abandoned and standardized curriculum is introduced which is called national curriculum. It is ongoing reform and changes to curriculum is commencing from next year starting from English wherefore moving into Mathematics and Science. Consequently, all of these reforms are in cooperating emerging possibilities to meet the local and global requirement.(National Education Agr eement, 2012). To meet the pace and acceleration of 21st century, these emerging technologies need to be embraced and in doing so reforms need to be constructed, this way we will achieve success both locally and globally. In conclusion, education is transformed by emerging possibilities and in this technology fat environment, one must remember that educational focus is on learning and instructional goal instead of technology itself, because technologies are merely tools or vehicles to deliver instruction and are just driving force for education reform.These emerging technologies shift the local education scale to global and hence promote to develop reform around these new emerging possibilities so we can meet the global standard. Thus, for successful 21st century learner, emerging possibilities and ongoing reforms are necessary and need to be embraced both locally and globally.ReferencesCloud Computing Defined. (n.d.). Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http//www.cloudcomputingdefined .com Educational goals ACARA. (2009). Retrieved from ACARA website http//www.acara.edu.au/reporting/national_report_on_schooling_2009/national_policy_context/educational_goals.html Educational goals ACARA. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2013, from http//www.acara.edu.au/reporting/national_report_on_schooling_2009/national_policy_context/educational_goals.html Garner, P., & Forbes, F. (2012). useable assets. Are special education teachers still needed in 21st