A Study On Hard Disk Drive Computer Science Essay

A Study On overweight Disk postulate Computer Science EssayEvery desktop figurer, laptop and netbook contains a clayey- discus crowd. The impenetrable-disk catch, better known as the unexpressed strike, is one of the most racy dowrys in a computer. The great(p) bewilder stores information for the computer in a non-volatile way, meaning that when the user shuts off the computer, alone the information he saved exit still be there when he turns the computer back on. Today, hard drives can store an enormous amount of information. We will take a look at how a hard drive operates and saves information. Figure 1 is a picture of a typical hard drive (Hallock). Figure 1 Enclosed hard drive (Hallock) vi basic elements make up the composition of a hard drive The enclosure, stiletto heel motor, hard drive platters, actuator ramification, interface and logical systemal system board. The enclosure is entirely the outer shell that protects and holds everything together. The four la rgest and most imembrasureant properties that will be outlined below are the interface, logic board, hard drive platters, arbor motor, and the withdraw/ make unnecessary to disk. The actuator arm will be referred to and described at heart these outlined sections (Hallock).Interface A hard drive connects to your computer by a specific type of interface (Bleeping Computer). The hard drive port and the port on the computer where they connect must be the same otherwise they will not be able to sync up together. Logic BoardThe logic board performs several significant operations. The logic board is the brain of the hard drive. It tells the computer what the drive is, how big it is, what occupation its connected to, and how to access the drive in your direct system. Figure 2 below is a picture of a logic board (Hallock). other key function of the logic board is the read/write tip over up process, without this the hard drive would be slow in parsimoniousness and retrieving files. When a computer is told to open 1,000 megabytes of information, the hard drive passes the information to you as pronto as it is able through the hoard process. While the hard drive is loading the first 16MB of the file, the next chunk of data is prepared to roll and is waiting in the cache when you open the cached chunk of data, another is feed into the cache, and so on until all the information is opened. This is the read portion of the cache process, the reverse of this process occurs to write information (Hallock). This cache process is an constitutive(a) part of the read/write to disk function that is described in a section below. fleshy Drive PlattersPlatters are the round plates in the Figure 4 below (Bleeping Computer). Platters contain all the information stored on the hard drive. The platters themselves are the most important and complicated component include in a hard drive. Todays platters are thin disks (thus the hard disk name) of glass or aluminum, coated with an u ltra-thin layer of a cobalt alloy, which is naturally magnetic. Data is written to sectors which are organized into concentric rings outward from the spindle called tracks, and all of those are managed into clusters by the file system youve chosen. To write the data, the actuator arm aligns the magnetization of the platter in a pattern placeable to the hard drives logic board (Hallock). In other words, the actuator arm swings crosswise the platter to find information that the user desires. The Spindle Motor The spindle motor is the most basic moving component in a hard drive. The spindle motor is controlled by the logic board and is answerable for turning the hard disk platters, allowing the hard drive to operate. The faster the spindle spins the faster the read/write capabilities the hard drive has. Below in Figure 3 is a spindle motor stripped of its platters and all other components (PC Guide). Figure 3 Spindle Motor (PC Guide)Read/ frame to Disk The read process is when the user requests data from the hard drive and it is transmitted to the computer. The write process is when the user saves information on the hard drive for later use. Here are the steps in the read/write processThe user requests information on the hard drive. The operating system accesses the files and locations via the motherboards hard drive controller. The operating system tells the hard drives logic board that it wants a file. The logic board spins up the platters on the spindle. The actuator arm is moved into position. The logic board reads and amplifies the very weak, isolated magnetic palm that comprise your data. The logic board begins using the actuator to read information from the sectors in the requested cluster.Information is streamed into the hard drive cache. The information is fed from the cache, to the hard drive controller, to you and RAM. The write process is almost the exact opposite, except kinda of accessing the platters to find a files location its accessing th e file table to find reconcile clusters for write space (Hallock).Summary Hard drives are the main component in many computer-driven technologies today. There are seven basic separate to a hard drive the enclosure, spindle, platter, motor, actuator arm, interface and logic board. A hard drive in where all the information is stored on a computer. Hard drives have been a key innovative technology in saving and storing data that has become such an integral part of our society. Works CitedHallock, Robert. How Hard Drives Work.Icrontic. N.p., 5 June 2007. Web.10 Mar. 2010.Hard Disk Spindle Motor.The PC Guide. N.p., 17 April 2001. Web.12 Mar. 2010.How Hard Drives Work.Bleeping Computer. Bleeping Computer ,12 Nov. 2005. Web. 10 Mar., 2010.

Improving Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)

Improving Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) forbiddance of recombination channels of Dye-sensitized solar cells made of SnO2 using hollow shell structure of SiO2 extracted from rice beatN. F. Ajward, D.L.N. Jayathilaka, J.C.N. Rajendra and V.P.S.PereraIntroductionDye sensitized solar cells (DSC) atomic number 18 one of the most promising types of solar cells for next generation of solar cell technology that has power conversion efficiency as spicy as 12% (Nazeeruddin et al., 2011). Comp atomic number 18d with conventional silicon photovoltaics, DSSCs offer the cost savings in the clobbers and a range of solution deposition methods for dodge manufacture. However, there are pipe down many challenges to be met before DSCs can truly compete with authoritative silicon solar cell technology. Device efficiency, stability and lifetimes and scalable methods for device fabrication are the key issues in this field of research. A fix of work has been done to improve effi ciency of DSSCs taking different avenues, which includes growing the surface area of the metal oxide, developing new colors with broad engrossment spectra, suppressing the recombination channels and introducing light- dusting materials in the film.Utilization of mesoporous film made of nano particles of titania for DSSC is the unequivocal innovation made by Gratzel and co-workers in 1991 to achieve high efficiencies (Regan B O and Gratzel M., 1991). After that it was realized the possibility to achieving high efficiencies even with otherwise high band gap semiconductors such as SnO2 and ZnO made in nano range (Bergeron et al., 205, Keis et al., 2002). However DSSCs of high efficiencies comparable to that made of TiO2 films has been achieved with other high band gap semiconductor films made in the form of composites (Niinobe et al., 2005. The proceeds is principally accepted as the suppression of recombination of germinated posture carriers payable to passivation of gin stat es and charge carrier confinement.Materials such as Al2O3, MgO, and ZrO2 have been used antecedently as hindrance layers in DSSCs, but no record purchasable for the use of SiO2 for the same purpose (Kay and Grtzel, 2002). But SiO2 particles have been used to scatter light in TiO2 films of DSScs.In this research work we improved the surgical operation of DSSCs by introducing tenuous barrier layer of SiO2 surrounding the SnO2 crystallite to prevent recombination of charge carriers in the diffusion assisted transportation. Here the slue barrier of insulating material enhance the lifetime of germinated charge carriers of DSSC so as to improve the efficiency. methodologyRice hHusks (RH) of BG ccc rice variety was collected and ab initio piddle-washed with tap water to remove soils and dirt. It was further washed with distilled water and dehydrated at 120 C. The dried RH will bewas fully burned to white ash at around 700C in a muffle furnace and the Rrice husk Husk ash Ash (RHA) was collected. which is white in colour.Extraction of SilicaAforementioned dried RHA was refluxed with 2M HCl and exhaustively washed with distilled water and dried. 10 g of the sample was stirred in 80 ml of 2.5 N sodium hydroxide solution. It was then boiled in a covered 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask for 3 hours and the solution was filtered using a Whatman No. 41 filter paper. Filtrate was allowed to cool down to style temperature and added 5 N H2SO4 until it reaches pH 2. Then NH4OH was added to the suspension until it reaches pH 8.5 and allowed to be at get on temperature for 3.5 hours. The precipitated SiO2 was separated by filtration and thoroughly washed with distilled water. The silicon oxide obtained was oven dried at 120 0C for 12 hours and cool down to room temperature.Preparation of SnO2 ParticlesTin (ivIV) chloride was dissolved in distilled water to obtain 0.5 M solution and ammonia was added stirring the solution to obtain fine particles of SnO2. The SnO2 particles are thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove chlorine ions. Then the particles are suspended in diluted ammonium solution for stabilization.Preparation of SnO2 and SiO2 core shell structuresTin (IV) Oxide particles were come outed with basal sheer layer of silicon dioxide by the following method. 0.5g of SnO2 particles were freighted and grinded in an agate mortar with 2 ml of ethanol. Then measured volumes of 0.5M sodium silicate which was prepared by dissolving extracted silica in NaOH was added at a time to different SnO2 samples that has been prepared as described above. After that 1 ml of acetic acid was added dangle wise to that mixture. Sodium silicate around the SnO2 particles suppose to turn into SiO2 in the surgery of acidification.Fabrication of DSSC with SiO2/SiO2 compositeThe paste as prepared was used to coat films on Cconducting Ttin Ooxide (CTO) glass plates by the doctor blade method that fill out into the size of 1.5 x 1 cm2. Prior to coating the films on the CTO glass, they were thoroughly cleaned by detergent, distilled water and acetone with immoderatesonic agitation. CTO plates coated with SnO2/SiO2 films were dried on a hot plate heated up to 120 C for 5 minutes. Then the films were sintered at 450 C in a furnace for 30 minutes. When the films cooled down to the room temperature they were immersed in Ru-bipyridyl N-719 dye solution (0.5 mM in ethanol) for 12 h. After the dye adsorption, films were rinsed with ethanol and sandwich with atomic number 78 sputtered conducting glass substrates using clips. The capillary space in between the devil plates of cells were filled with electrolyte containing 0.5M potasium iodide, 0.05M iodine in a mixture of acetonitrile and ethylene carbonate 14 by volume.Characterization TechniquesI-V characteristics of the cells were measured under the toy of 100 mWcm2 simulated light source and computer controlled frame-up consisting of potentiostat/galvanostat. Elemental analysis of RHA was done using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. roentgenogram diffraction (XRD) patterns and SEM images were withal obtained for SnO2/SiO2 composite films.Results and discussionAccording to the literature reports, silica extracted from RH is in naorange with least slag take aims. Elements that show up as impurities in RHA of BG 300 rice variety were examined with atomic absorption spectroscopy. Percentages of impurities in RHA aft(prenominal) burning and refluxing with HCl are given over in table 1.Table 1 Percentages of impurities in RHA later burning and after refluxing in HCl.Impurities% in RHA after burning% in RHA after reflux with HClCalcium0.9260.402Magnesium0.5370.198atomic number 25Not detectedNot detectedFerrous0.2690.060It is inferred from these results that the impurity level of RHA is low and can be reduced further by refluxing with HCl. That is because these impurities present in the RHA as oxides can be removed easily by acid wash. In this study we have investigated the possibility of using SiO2 thin barrier around the SnO2 particles to impede leakage of electrons for recombination processes which is one approach to gain the efficiency of DSSCs. embodiment 1(a) shows the measured open-circuit photo-voltage (Voc) and short-circuit photocurrent (Isc) of DSSCs with different SiO2% by weight in the SnO2/SiO2 films.Figure 1 (a) Open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) and short-circuit photocurrent (Isc) of DSSCs with different SiO2 % in SnO2 films (b) Suppression of recombination of injected electrons in the conduction band of SnO2 by SiO2 shell.Initial increment of SiO2 % in the film gradually covers the SnO2 particles as an ultra thin layer and beyond certain limit of SiO2 contributes to the growth of the SiO2 layer around the SnO2 particles increasing the thickness. This is the motive why both the Isc as well as the Voc increase initially with the increment of SiO2 % in the SnO2 films of DSSCs. The increment of Isc and Voc is attributed to the suppressio n of recombination of injected electrons by the photo temper of the dye in the conduction band of SnO2 due to the development of ultra thin layer of SiO2 around SnO2 particles (Figure 1b). The highest photocurrent of DSSCs with the addition of 2.5 % of SiO2 whitethorn have been achieved due to the perfect coverage of SnO2 particles with ultra thin layer of SiO2. But Voc continues to increase further up to 4% of SiO2 in SnO2 films. It is noticeable that the decrement of Voc afterwards is not significant as in Isc after reaching the maximum. leastways further increment of the thickness of the ultra thin layer of SiO2 happens to ebb both Isc and Voc. The amount of dye adsorbed on the semiconductor film is as well as a detrimental factor on the performance of DSSCs. We have detect that the dye absorbed on SnO2 films decreased with the increment of SiO2%. To quantitatively analyze it, we have desorbed the dye adsorbed on SnO2 films with different SiO2 %. This was done by allowing the films to adsorb dye for determined period and completely desorbing the dye by immersing the dye adsorbed SnO2 films in known volume of 0.5 M KOH solution. The concentration of the dye in the KOH solution was estimated spectroscopically at the wave length of 550 nm. Figure 2 given bellow shows the deviation of dye adsorbed on SnO2 films for different SiO2 %.Figure 2 (a) Variation of dye adsorbed on SnO2 films for different SiO2 % and (b) structure of the N-719 dye.It is evident from the Figure 2 that the dye adsorption on SnO2 films decrease with the increment of SiO2 %. This may rival adversely on photocurrent of DSSCs. Although dye aggregations on semiconductor films also results to decrease photocurrent there should be sufficient amount of dye adsorbed on SnO2 crystallites for efficient operation of DSSCs. The decrement of Isc at higher SiO2 percentages is main issuance of low dye adsorption on SnO2 films. The adsorption of dye on SnO2 films decrease with the increment of Si O2 % because of the acidity of SiO2 which prevent chelation of N-719 dye on SnO2 films by the carboxylic groups.XRD and SEM analysis was also carried out to characterize the SiO2 ultra thin layer coated on SnO2 particles. Figure 3 shows the SEM of SnO2 film with 4.5% of SiO2. The occlusion of the SEM images was not sufficient to identify the SiO2 thin layer. But it can be seen that the SnO2 particles are distributed in wide range of particle sizes which also affect adversely on the performance of DSSCs. The XRD pattern of the SnO2 film with 4.5 % of SiO2 is given in Figure 3(b). There was no any peaks appeared for SiO2 in the XRD pattern of the SnO2 films as well. The insertion in the Figure 3(b) is the XRD obtain for SiO2 powder obtained by acidification of Na2SiO3 with acetic acid and sintering at 450 C for 30 minutes. It is found to be in uncrystallised form and most probably the SiO2 around the SnO2 is also amorphous. Because of the amorphous nature of SiO2 and low percentage might produce significant peaks for SiO2 in the XRD pattern. Figure 3 (a) SEM image of SnO2 film with 4.5% of SiO2 (b) XRD pattern of the SnO2 film with 4.5 % of SiO2. foundation is the XRD obtain only for SiO2 powder.ConclusionsThe silica extracted from rice husk is with low impurity levels suitable for coating ultra thin layers of SiO2 arround SnO2 to fabricate DSSCs. Deposition of ultra thin layer of SiO2 on SnO2 particles improved the performance of DSSCs. The reason for decrement of cell performance with higher percentages of SiO2 is not only due to the barrier thickness, but also due to the low dye adsorption. It was observed by the SEM images that the particle size of SnO2 is widely diverse because of particle aggregation. It is recommended to use resembling size of SnO2 particles for better performance of DSSCs. some chemical treatment also required to enhance the adsorption of dye on SiO2 ultra thin layer on SnO2 particles.References1. Bergeron B.V. , Marton A., Gerko Osk am G., and Meyer G.J. (2005) Dye-Sensitized SnO2 Electrodes with Iodide and Pseudohalide Redox Mediators J. Phys. Chem. B, , 109 (2), 937943.2. Kay A. and Grtzel M. (2002) Dye-Sensitized CoreShell Nanocrystals Improved susceptibility of Mesoporous Tin Oxide Electrodes Coated with a Thin Layer of an Insulating Oxide Chem. Mater., 14 (7), 29302935.3. Keis K., Bauer C., Boschloo G., Hagfeldt A., Westermark K., Rensmo H., Siegbahn H. (2002) Nanostructured ZnO electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cell applications Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry, 148, issue 13, 5764.4. Nazeeruddin M. K., Baranoff E, Gratzel M., (2011) Dye-sensitized solar cells A brief overview Solar Energy 85 11721178.5. Niinobe D. , Makari Y., Kitamura T., Wada Y., and Yanagida S. (2005) Origin of enhancement in Open-Circuit Voltage by Adding ZnO to Nanocrystalline SnO2 in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. B, , 109 (38), 1789217900.6. Regan B O and Gratzel M (1991) A low cost high effici ent solar cell based on dye sensitized colloidal TiO2 films temperament 353 737.

Human Capital In International Companies Management Essay

adult male Capital In global Companies anxiety hearTo expand glob completelyy, arises different problems and ch in allenges for HR worryrs in merciful resources segment. It is to a greater extent concentrated to manage employees abroad, than if employees were in the home base.The growth of woody bakehouse supranationally determined in the altogetherfound assignment and tasks. There is a need to successfully manage this for the benefit of two woody bakery and the individuals.The paper observes the swop from municipal to international HR precaution, which examines issues of culture, contracts, agreements, curement accomplish, and remuneration in woody bakeshop intricacy to another(prenominal) countries. All the uniform, the paper discusses suggestions for HR managers, which entangle cultural research, and the fits of woof, learn, consummation management and remuneration.In this new era of sphericalisation, international gentle race resource managem ent is becoming a vital construct for homo resource managers to be able to practice homo resources functions, off preparation to mention, recruitment selection, execution appraisal, compensation benefits, pedagogy victimisation and in the end employees relations. This is authoritative for human resource managers in international corporations and excessively in domestic found human resource managers who import employees from overseas.To lenify updated with the changing world, human resource managers will have to have an international vision of how to manage their individuals successfully both at home and abroad.Managing international human resources allows wooden bakery to p artworkicipate more effectively in the market place, and is a festering tool for its employees. smash 1 IntroductionHuman Resources explanationHuman Resources is not only have-to doe with in makeing the employees their salaries and providing them with the benefits til now it comprises one of t he arrangings important resource that is the Human resource done hiring, knowledge and create and most importantly hold backing them for the benefits of both parties.Human Resources refer to the policies, systems and utilisation practices that ar apply to attract, motivate, develop and retain firms employees. In other words, human resources is considered as an organization function, that focus on recruitment, providing c beer path for the concourse who work in the firm, and pickles with military force issues such as hiring, compensation benefits, implementation appraisal, safety, employees motivation and finally learning development.Human resources is no longer a traditional personnel, and regime, however Human resources role is more strategic and deal with strategic aspect, to make current that employees contribute effectively and works in parallel with the familiarity dependion to achieve the firms goals and objectives.Human Resources functions be leafy veget able to most firms, outset by attracting talented people by recruiting and selection, second retaining talented people by wage and lucre, benefits and employees relations and finally developing the people by learning, development and performance appraisal.Nearly every comp whatsoever says itHuman Resources importance and Need in International CompaniesThe Human Resources segment is important in all multinational and international companies. Recruiting and selecting is one function completed by HR, and their of import responsibility is hiring and retaining companys most important summation that is our PEOPLE.Failure to do so, and lack of strong, motivated and satisfied employees, working in the right place in a firm will leads to hiring the unconventional people, graduate(prenominal) turnover, employees will not do their best in their subcontracts and having approximately shtupdidates demotivated. Thus, without good employees, the best business plan and ideas will be unsuc cessful.As well, Human resources larn care of all the employees concerns, make sure to answer employees issues immediately and to play the fair judge between the employee and the organization, for both sides advantage.Nevertheless, Human resources guarantee smooth functioning of the operation, good and safe working conditions and warrant that all ply is performing their jobs efficiently and toward the organization goals and objectives. Accordingly, Human Resources film director judges all the employees, reward, takes disciplinary actions or dismissal.Another important role nether the human resources umbrella is training and development, and creating career path for all employees, to retain and develop the existing employees, and attract new talented people, in this modal value the HR will improve the organization re projectation, credibility and commitment from staff, thusly become an employer of choice and reduce turnover.In this world of globalization, and companys expand ing upon to other countries, Human resources adopt new cultures, and take care of all effectual requirements as per the new country rules and regulations, as well as managing payroll, and other pre displaceed benefits.As per the strategic approach, human resources play an important function in developing an organization strategy, and managing the employees activities.Part 2 Analysis of the Organization2.1- woody bakeshop Historywooden bakeshop was set uped in Jal El Dib Lebanon in 1969 by Mr. Edward Bou Habib. It was a simple bakery providing the market with freshly cook theatrical role pelf.In the last decade woody bakery literally revolutionized the bakery industry in Lebanon by setting new standards and upgrading its products and services.Edwards dickens sons Assaad and Ghassan Bou Habib plan and designed the new concept on paper in 1996. With immense vision and an innovative spirit, woody bakery developed a unique concept gathering Bread (of all kinds), Pastries, Swe ets, Sandwiches, Salads and Deli.The first wooden bakeshop issue opened at Zalka lane in October 1999. woody Bakery launched the first franchised operation in 2002 and expand to 26 franchised outlets in Lebanon by the end of the year 2012. woody Bakery opened the first ascertain licence Operation in Saudi Arabia in July 2009, and pre directly negotiating the sale of the have the best prerogative with a flesh of companies from the GCC countries.The Concept of the milling machinerywooden Bakery system revolves around a state of the art industrial baking hot facility. It includes the latest and most advanced machinery and equipment in the baking industry.Human Resources segment make sure to hires top Master Bakers, pastry Chefs, and exceedingly qualified Managers and tint Controllers to assure the freshest and most consistent products for our markets.The wooden Bakery factory produces from 100 to 150 tons of flours per day depending on the market need and factory size. woo dy Bakery is the leading supplyr of high quality Freshly Baked Arabic Bread in the Lebanese market.The Wooden Bakery Factory is capable of rendering a large number ofArabic and European Bread ProductsBread Sticks ironic Desert Products french pastry dough CakesCakes for any occasions (Wilton Cakes)Croissants and DanishesArabic SweetsThe Wooden Bakery Factory houses a central kitchen facility which produces Mixes and Semi complete Products for the outlets such asMarinated Chicken and BeefCheese BlendA Variety of Mixes and BlendsFrozen AppetizersPAR Baked ProductsThe Concept of the OutletWooden Bakery Outlets are designed to service all classes of people in any market around the globe.All Wooden Bakery Outlets are located on Main Road Arteries in Strategic Areas, and considered as a One-Stop-Shop where one eject buy Fresh Hot cut and Arabic Bread, French, Arabic and American Sweets.The Wooden Bakery Outlets offers all mentioned products at Competitive Prices and offer a warm am biance by means of its uncomparable Design, Clean Safe Environment and Excellent Service for its customers.The Wooden Bakery Outlets offer a wide variety of productsFresh Hot BreadAppetizing VienneoiserieMouth-Watering Arabic, French and American Pastry itemsScrumptious selection of hundreds of Cheese Deli productsSelf-Service Products offering the Top 100 items found in every HomeDelicious Manakish, Salads, Sandwiches, Submarines, Pizzas, etc2.2- delegacy and VisionMission StatementOur committee is to push our presence and create a shuffling in the Bakery Industry by passing gameing MORE and Delivering give wayVision StatementOur vision is to dominate the market by expression stores on all main road arteries and major cities and towns in Lebanon and beyond,Our products would be available at ALL grocery stores, supermarkets, catering companies and therefore in every single home in Lebanon.2.3- Local and Multinational elaboratenessWooden Bakery first Outlet opened at Zalk a highway in October 1999.The first Wooden Bakery franchised operation launched in 2002 and expanded to 26 franchised outlets in Lebanon by the end of the year 2012.Baabda- HazmiehMansouriehBauchriehElyssarAwkarZouk MikaelZouk MosbehJouniehJbeilKfarhbabAmiounTripoliZahlehZalkaJal El DibFanarDekwanehChtauraRoumiehBurj HamoudSourZgharta (Soon)Achrafieh (Soon)Chiah (Soon)Naccach (Soon)Bayada(Soon)Wooden Bakery opened the first Master Franchise Operation in Saudi Arabia in July 2009, and currently negotiating the sale of the Master Franchise with a number of companies from the GCC countries.Wooden Bakery KSAWooden Bakeryplan was centred on the key concept that customer satisfaction all over the world is the main goal. It has established and developed its first Master Franchise in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on July 2009.Its successful set upcan be measured by how our products and services that we supply meet however surpass the Saudi customers expectations.The Bread Factory Outlet w as built on a 10,000 m2 space to house all the output signal equipmentthat willsupply Bread and Pastry products and Central Kitchen Food toil to a number of outlets along with the wholesale distribution of Wooden Bakery Products.The Store is spread over two levels that house a main groundroom with an eating area and a restaurant.Wooden Bakery has stock the award for the Fastest Growing Lebanese Company at the prestigious Social Economic Award 2011, instituted by the global communications elbow room First Protocol to recognize outstanding achievements by organizations in the fond and economic sphere.Today, the name of Wooden Bakery not only spells think and quality, however, it has become a marked proof that a brand can be born, even in the Lebanese bakery industry. Wooden Bakerys expansion in the Lebanese territory has facilitated the achievement of the owners relegation, proving that Wooden Bakery is fitting of the award that comes as a natural translation of its ever-expa nding drive to Offer More and Deliver Better.2.4- Wooden Bakery machinate AnalysisSWOT AnalysisStrengthsServes all classes of peopleBig Variety of products (produced and non-produced by WB items)One Stop ShopMushrooming Franchise (outlets are located on main roads in strategic areas)All outlets have the aforementioned(prenominal) imageProduct differentiation in the PRESTO section sandwiches. Ex. pastoral BreadCustomers loyalty musical note (Shelf life limited)Freshness products (core value)Diversity of products (Arabic, French Pastries Viennoiserie charcuterie Arabic Bread)Rank among the top 25 companies in LebanonHold high level of market share in Leb.Balance menu (variety, quality, and price)Quality Control Management during process, on final product and in outletsFranchise SupportWeaknessesOutlets are rented premises which leads to increase the operating expensesFranchise operated outlets aptitude not have same level of loyalty as the outlets owned by Wooden BakeryIncreas e in mad materials and grok bellsNot every franchised store owner get gnarly in the PL statementNo direct authorityHigh start-up costDelivery ServiceAdvertising plan to increase sales through brand awarenessFamily BusinessOpportunitiesMarket trend turning bakeries into a wider shopping outletsHealthy eating trendOpening new and international markets natural inventions for competitionThreatsIncrease in Labour costs put pressure on button line marginsIncrease in raw materials costs put pressure on gross profit marginsQuality of service focus with the presence of competitors in the marketMany competitors (bakerys, supermarkets, etcPart 3 Methodology and Results3.1- Describing Human Resources at Wooden BakeryAt Wooden Bakery, the human resources discussion section used to work the traditional personnel management tasks, generating payroll and registering employees in NSSF.The Main human resources achievement was shifty from personnel management to human resources management, imple menting all human resources functions, and be more involved in Wooden Bakery strategic plan.Human Resources department today mainly concentrates on recruitment, management, and providing directions and guidance for the people who work in Wooden Bakery.Human Resources department deals with employees concerns such as compensation, hiring, performance appraisal, employee motivation, safety, benefits, employees relations, and training development.However, Wooden Bakery HR department make sure that all the employees are effectively contributing to the overall company direction and to get to the organization goals and objectives.The administration roles usually played by the Human Resources department are becoming increasingly aligned with the company strategic plan, which in turn is evolving the HR into becoming Human Resources Management.3.2- HR Functions in Wooden Bakery3.1.1- Recruitment and SelectionThe ability of Wooden Bakery to achieve its objectives of profitable and sustainabl e growth and high-quality product and service standards depends on the quality of its Human Capital.The recruiting function, which directly affects the quality of Wooden Bakerys human resources, will ar place a critical function in the companys development. It is therefore important that a clear recruiting mechanism is established in pitch to optimize applicator selection, while supporting Wooden Bakerys strategic orientation and values.Proper and nonrecreational recruiting is necessary in order to avoid undesirable effects, includingNegative furtherance or damage to the companys imageWasted time and effort to call into question applicants who do not meet Wooden Bakerys needsCost incurred in training recruits who should not have passed the recruiting interviewsHigh turnover ratesThe hiring process in Wooden Bakery includes Recruiting, Processing, Eliminating, Selecting, Rejecting, File Building, Placing, and orient.The recruiting process is divided into deuce-ace phases Pre- recruiting, Recruiting, and Post-Recruiting. It involvesPosting a job advertisement in appropriate placesEvaluating the tuition digestd on to each one applicationScreening candidates to determine which ones to interview corroborate references and informationConducting personal interviewsDeciding who will be offered the jobOrienting the new employee about the organization3.2.2- mathematical process appraisalWooden Bakery use a new assessment concept for evaluating employees, 365 paygrade, that is created to monitor and evaluate the productivity of Wooden Bakery administration and management staff end-to-end the year.The concept covers three different aspects and tackles employees productivity by looking atMissions accomplished ( periodical Evaluation)Key performance indicators (KPI) ( quarterly Evaluation) per year competency military ratingThe intention of the 365 Evaluation is toMonitor the productivity of Wooden Bakery administration and management staff throughout the year. Compensate and reward exceptional achievements, and where applicable take disciplinary actions against under-achievers.The benefits to be gained from conducting performance appraisals includeRecognizing accomplishments and reflecting the results through monetary legal injury (Salary increase, Promotion, Bonus, etc.)Identifying newly acquired competenciesPreparing employee development plansPlanning improvement where deficiencies are foundGoal-setting parley between supervisors and employeesMonthly Evaluation Mission BasedMission based evaluation is a tracking system that records and rates the mission undertaken by Wooden Bakery administration and management staff on Monthly Basis.TitleSubtitleIllustration1-Mission DetailsTitleMissions name appointee DurationDate of registering the idea and expected mission durationproprietorThe employee who created the idea and who is the custodian for its implementationDepartmentSelf-explanatoryMission arena ObjectivesScopeis the sum total of all products, services and outcomes call for to make sure that the mission is successfully done.Objectivesare the benefits, outcomes, or performance improvements that are expected to be accomplished by the mission.Authority StructureList of personnel involved and needed for the completion of the mission and the designed authority distribution2-Mission weapons platformTask BreakdownBreakdown of tasks and assigning a start and a duration for each taskStart Duration3-Mission Kick-off Registrationproprietor SignatureThe mission owner has to register the mission with the HR department after it has been noted by the direct supervisor and approved by the concerned VPDirect SupervisorVP (Concerned)Human Resources Manager4-Mission Evaluation report for InnovativeAt the completion of the mission, the owner has to get the formal evaluation of the concerned VP. 3 criteria will be used to evaluate the mission (Innovative, Importance, Impact)Score for ImportanceScore for Impact5- Approvals3 parties and the checking of the Internal analyze departmentOnce rated by the concerned VP, the mission score is registered by the HR in the Mission Tracking System.The internal Audit squad is entitled to monitor the proper implementation of the system.Quarterly Evaluation (Productivity Based)The Quarterly Evaluation is a system that measures the productivity of Wooden Bakery administration and management staff by looking at five (5) aspects attendingMission AccomplishmentPolicy and Procedure Development (creation and implementation of new procedure)Introduction of Improving Ideas (Cost saving ideas Process up(p) ideas)Productivity standard (Vary from one department to another each department will be evaluated by use five indicators)Yearly Evaluation (Competency Based)The Yearly Evaluation is a systematic way of measuring, reviewing and analysing employee performance on a yearly basis and using the information gathered to plan for the employees future tense with Wooden Bakery. The f eedback is used to judge employee effectiveness as well as provide necessary Training and development to improve the employees contributions to the Wooden Bakerys goals.The purpose of the Yearly Evaluation at Wooden Bakery is for the manager or the direct supervisor and the concerned employee to have an open discussion about performance expectations and actual performance.The employees actual level of performance is compared to the estimated level of performance using standards that were developed by the supervisor.This expected level of performance is to be derived from competencies needed to perform the job in the highest level of professionalism.The comparison of actual performance with expectations and standards serves as a basis for recognizing accomplishments and planning for improvement where insufficiencies are found. Performance appraisals may withal be utilized in a innovative disciplinary process to resolve continuing poor performance.3.2.3- Training and developmentWood en Bakery encourage growth and career development of its employees by coaching, and helping them to achieve their personal goals, through providing adequate training, encouragement of staff development, and chances for growth.Wooden Bakery training methods includeOrientation training,Orientation training is the process Wooden Bakery use for welcoming a new employee into Wooden Bakery family. New employee orientation, often organized by a meeting with the Human Resources department, that generally contains information about the new job description, the work environment, company culture, company history, the organization chart, tour of department, introduction to colleagues, Wooden Bakery rules and regulations, etcOn-the-job-trainingOn the job training is used in both our branches and factory to teach new employees how to perform job duties. nigh times training sessions take place in the headquarters and some other times on site. For example, customer service, food safety and hygiene, menu implementation.Conferences and SeminarsWooden Bakery works on developing its employees skills by sending them to international conferences, Seminars and Workshops.Some of the trainings attended by Wooden Bakery administration employeesRD Technician and RD Manager were move in 2010 to Las Vegas to attend Baking Industry Trade Fair output Manager and RD Manager were sent in 2012 to Bulguim to attend Professional training session held by PURATOSQuality Controller Supervisor and RD Supervisor were sent in 2012 to Paris to attend training with Chopin TechnologiesMaintenance Manager was sent in 2012 to Vienna to attend a conference in ROSENDAHL Company.3.2.4- payment and benefitsThe term compensation in Wooden Bakery refers to the wages used to reward employees. As for benefits, Wooden Bakery offers paid vacations to its employees.Wooden Bakery wishes to maintain a sense of fairness and equity within the pay structure Grading System.For each position at Wooden Bakery the followin g will be coifdThe Minimum, the Middle, and the Maximum fixed requital rangeThe minimum and maximum of each fixed salary range is selected in line with market realities, and based on external salary surveys of comparable organizations.The parameters used to determine the weight of each job and thus giving an accurate grade based on numerical psychoanalyzeKnow HowTechnical KnowledgeManagement ExtentHuman dealingHighest Education LevelProblem SolvingReasoningDecision makingCommunicationInfluence on OthersAccountabilityFreedom to Act magnitude of put to deathImpact of DecisionsWorking ConditionsLong Working HoursWorking during Holidays broad TravelingHazardous Environment and Critical EncountersThe grading system at Wooden Bakery offers a clear career path for employees who show potentials to advance within the company hierarchy.Moving horizontally within the same grade is governed by different factors includingSeniority (1.5 years spent in each level)Performance Appraisal Recomme ndationsacquiring Additional Skills (Experience and Education)Top Management DiscressionMoving vertically is governed by different factors includingPerformance Appraisal RecommendationsAcquiring Additional Skills (Experience and Education)Availability of the vacancy3.2.5- Employees RelationsWooden Bakery promotes a positive atmosphere, and encourages positive relations between employees, to be able to ca-ca the organization goals and objectives.Employees Relations is concerned to prevent and resolve problems involved by employees which arise out of or expertness affect Wooden Bakery work atmosphere.Wooden Bakery employees relation involves the relation between the employees with each other or their relation with their supervisors.Wooden Bakery concerned supervisors provide advises on how to correct poor performance and employee misconduct.The Company Disciplinary Action is to help and encourage employees to improve, achieve and maintain standards of conduct, attendance and job per formance. It also enables management to deal effectively with those employees who do not comply with Wooden Bakery standards of conduct, attendance and performance in the workplace.Employee relations are designed in a manner which is non-discriminatory and which is Fair consistent and effective. It must also be applied in a timely manner and without unjustified delay.3.3- Human Resources Planning for Global expansionGlobal expansion is a growth strategy for the future. It is at the heart of Wooden Bakerys development strategy. The owners are constantly striving to raise market share through expansion primarily in the Middle east and subsequently worldwide, in order to win over increasing numbers of customers.Wooden Bakery began want out growth and expansion, looking to reach out into new markets through Master Franchising and/or Partnership/Joint Venture.Wooden Bakery planned to expand worldwide after going through a number of challenges and risks that need to be taken into consid eration along with is the Human Resources. The human recourse factor refers to the hiring of employees in the foreign markets, and the challenges and risks that come with doing so.Wooden Bakery will always take into consideration the foreign country laws, rules and regulations, which might be far different from our country of origin and which may await difficult to manage with.One of the differences is the employees contracts in other foreign countries, which define the parameters of an employees job benefits, including vacation time, working hours, salaries, compensation, severance pay, etc.The differences stated sooner will mandate that the total packages offered abroad are tangibly high than those offered within the Lebanese region.Thus, the existence of all the above variances means that any organization looking to expand internationally will need to do unlimited researches in regards to the foreign markets, since it might affect its operation.Implementing a global business s trategy requires having the right people in the right places it requires specialized lead skills-managing the work of people with different backgrounds and customs.3.4- Global Expansion Requires New HR and Training StrategiesRecently the role of HR shifted from being a normal cost center and support service into becoming a strategic partner.Most organizations simply understand that their people are their hawkish advantage, and view human resources as an investment, not an expense. Companies invest in their employees, because the future of the company belongs to the people who are continually involved in educating themselves and developing their skills and knowledge.As companies grow internationally, it is so crucial for global regular employees training. It is human resources challenge to train employees to be able to meet the organization mission as well as the requirements needed and the new region customs.Unfortunately, the legal age of companies have the passion and commitme nt, to invest in their employees and provide them the necessary training for international exposure, but the budget necessary to achieve these goals may not.However, Wooden Bakery focuses on training and has enlarged its training department with highly qualified people who provide all the employees with necessary trainings and skill development opportunities to make sure that organizational goals are achieved. Top Master Bakers, Pastry Chefs, and highly qualified Managers and Quality Controllers are being sent to Wooden Bakery KSA to provide necessary training that ensures standardization and product body are being implemented.Companies that have a clear training and development strategy will note growth in the following areas, cut turnover well trained employees are more likely to stay with your organization and it decreases the expenses of employing and training costs.Better productivity well trained employees are more productive.Workforce employees will have a deeper understand ing of organization goals and mission, and will know their role in reaching those aims.3.5- The HR Challenges of International ExpansionOne of the very important skills for domestic companies to grow global is the international HR management. As much as it is important for multinational and international companies, it is essential for HR department in domestic companies that recruit people from abroad.Nowadays there are many an(prenominal) challenges that international human resources department has to take into consideration, starting to mention the cultural impacts, the local rules and regulations and finally working conditions and salary packages.HR policies and leadership development should grow since close every business in all sectors risk a life-size share of their growth strategies on global expansion. There are many activities and skills that have become crucial to success. These activities include attracting and retaining skilled employees, increasing productivity, impr oving the workforce in the market, organizing the company by placing the competent and credible leadership in the right positions and moulding the beliefs and differences between personnel.Ethnical preferences and expectations can bring down a companys human resource strategy in globalization and can affect its effectiveness due to the influence of the economy. In order to i

Rationale About Job Satisfaction

Rationale About Job SatisfactionJob felicity is an attitude people have about their professions and it results from their perception of their occupations and the degree to which in that respect is a good fit surrounded by the individual and organization.Job rapture has been influenced by many intervening variables, such as the rewards that an employee receives.1It has been give tongue to that argument pleasure has been related to many kinds of variables. It is a variable that is comm exclusively influenced or commonly related to many variables that the other variable ordain be affected because of job merriment.Job rapture is the degree to which an individual feels positively or negatively about various aspects of the job.2The mirth of an individual in a job is either positive or negative it depends upon the makeup that he/she is working with if they atomic lean 18 offering more, enough, or less elements of satisfaction to their employees.Closely related to job sati sfaction is the organisational lading which is define as the loyalty of an individual to the organization.3It has been overlooked that some wholeness who sets his loyalty graduate(prenominal) to his organization would strongly tackress pride in considering himself a social occasion of the organization.Employees of top corporations in the Philippines display the highest level of commitment and focus among workers horizoned across the Asia Pacific region, according to a breeding by global consultancy unfluctuating Watson Wyatt, the employees engagement score for the Philippines stood at 77%, up by cardinal percentages from the previous survey in 2007.4It has been observed that the Philippine loyalty federal moverive role or the motivation of the employees towards the success of the go with is very strong in which the rating has been said very high among other countries in Asia. organisational commitment or Employee loyalty is very signifi houset in a company because e mployees who show loyalty volition be able to get on guests to feel loyal towards the company.5The University of the Philippines conducted a study on the loyalty of employees and the study shows that only 21% of Filipino employees feel fully committed to their employers and only 12% agree that their employers are fully committed to them.6Researchers have said that the level of commitment of the employees has something to do with the level of job satisfaction that the employees are experiencing.The police detective has elect to study this issue because she person tout ensembley experienced the 2 variables which are Job Satisfaction and Organizational freight in one famous establishment in which her co-employees job satisfaction are low, and in that respect is a high disturbance ratio happening in this establishment. The seeker as a worker of the said company also has experienced low job satisfaction which leads her to low organizational commitment. The researcher is enkindle in this topic so that buss/employers would know and understand that high turnover ratio and the facts of lifes as well as the seminars that they are given to the fresh hired workers costs high and useless if the employee will only extend 1 month to work and leave the company. Aside from that, if they will retain to dissatisfy their employees, the word of mouth is a virus that easily bed covering from one person to a nonher person. Especially if you are a 5 star hotel, you must ensure that every word of mouth that comes from distrisolelyively individual, may it be employees or guest are positive because if its negative, it may deteriorate their good name. Employees will not consider themselves as a member of the organization and the services given by the employees to the guests may not be good enough to increase or maintain customer loyalty.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe researcher attempts to answer the following questionIs there a significant relationship between job satisfac tion and organizational commitment among hotel employees in Tacloban City?STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESESAlternative Hypothesis in that respect is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYIt is significant to study whether employees are satisfied or dissatisfied, committed or not committed in their job because it has been proved that employees who are much more satisfied will more probably to show positive thoughts, feelings, and actions towards their job and it would increase their organizational commitment. It is also important to study the relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment because this may bring a huge benefit equally to employers and employees. benignant Resource Management would be able to understand that the costs of hiring and training new workers are high. Therefore, the employers should try to treasure unchanging workforce, which also helps to fall the risks of deterioration in s ervices offered to customers. An employee who is committed with the organization may take pride in considering himself a member and would positively persuade the consumers to stomach the products/services offered by a company. Since satisfaction increases commitment to organizational success, and if this satisfaction would be given from employers to workers, a lot of good factors such as good supervision by supervisors, good working conditions, good social relations, wagerer policies and administration, better pay and security, challenging work, achievement, recognition, growth and development can benefit employees. If this study shows that job satisfaction and organizational commitment are correlated, employers would only need to increase one variable and that is job satisfaction to achieve the affirmative organizational commitment of workers.CHAPTER IIIMETHODOLOGYThis chapter contains the handling on the methods and procedures used in the study. It includes research design, v enue of the study, respondents of the study, research instrument, information wining and statistical measures used in hypothesis examing with their synonymic formulas and assessment scales. The purpose of the research work was primarily to assess with effect objectivity. Any relevant data will be useful for the line of descent of accurate insight.RESEARCH DESIGNThis study is a descriptive research method using a questionnaire as the principal instrument in gathering data where there will be a authentic investigation on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment as evaluated by the employees. The answers will be tallied in order to measure/ fix the 2 variables.LOCALE OF THE STUDYThe study will be conducted deep down the City of Tacloban. The researcher would like to include Magsaysay and Paterno Street as the locale of the study. It was limited to the investigation on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among hotel employees in Tacloban City.RESPONDENT S OF THE STUDY AND RANDOM SAMPLINGThe respondents of this study were the employees of unlike hotels who are presently working here in Tacloban City. Leyte Park Resort Hotel has a total people of more or less 70 but only 20 out of 70 are the respondents who participated the survey. Royal suite Hotel has a total of 7 and primrose Hotel has a total of 4 populations. So the researcher has decided to take 100% from the total population to be used for the sample.RESEARCH INSTRUMENTA set of survey questionnaire carefully prepared and will be communicated to the respondents for the purpose of gathering the indispensable data. The questionnaire measures on the significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.The researcher has found numerous questionnaires regarding job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Of all the questionnaires, the researcher has chosen to use the test for job satisfaction that is base on the research carried out by Cooper and the researcher has chosen to use the research study carried out by the student of professor S. Cote and Professor P. Heslin for organizational commitment. In order to determine whether the questionnaires were correct and valid, the questionnaires were submitted to the instructor for verifications, corrections and improvements.The research instrument is composed of 2 sets, the Questionnaire 1 and Questionnaire 2 which both gather information to employees. It can be answered by put an (x) mark in the appropriate parenthesis. Questionnaire 1 includes questions on the job satisfaction of hotel employees such as the job itself, inter-personal relationship, organization itself, personal growth and the touchstone of work. Answers scoring is as followsExcellent 5 shootsVery Good 4 pointsSatisfactory 3 pointsBelow Ave. 2 pointsPoor 1 pointInterpretation of data would be this way the higher the score is, the better is the job satisfaction.Questionnaire 2 generally includes questions abo ut the level of commitment of employees to their company as a whole. Answers scoring is as followsAlways 5 points practically 4 pointsSometimes 3 pointsSeldom 2 pointsNever 1 pointInterpretation of gathered data in questionnaire 2 would be this way the higher the score is, the better is the organizational commitment will be.DATA GATHERINGThe researcher will gather her data by first, giving a letter of request asking permission to the hotel manager to include their company in her research. She has spoken to a variety of persons with different positions to allow her to conduct a survey in their establishment. These persons were Ms. Anafe C. Harina, crusade desk agent of Asia Stars Hotel, Ms. Jedah Vivas, report officer of Leyte Park Hotel, Mr. Julius, front desk agent of Hotel Alejandro, Ms. Jasmin V. Ron, front desk agent of Royal Suite Hotel, Ms. Rebecca Villanueva a front desk clerk in Primrose Hotel, and to Ms. Pearlie Corneso, a front desk agent of Manhattan Inn. Second, if eve r approved, the researcher will distribute 2 sets of survey questionnaires which both are for their employees. These questionnaires tackle particularly on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment and it can be evaluated by simply taking the score of each number according to weights and add the total score over the total number of weights. Below one-half of the total score would mean low. Mr. Cooper and Professor S. Cote and Heslins student had contributed a big help to the researcher because she was able to borrow their questionnaires to conduct a survey and gather data. Out of 6 hotels that the researcher has talked with, only Ms. Jedah Vivas, accounting officer of Leyte Park Hotel, Ms. Rebecca Villanueva a front desk clerk and Ms. Jasmin V. Ron a front desk agent with the approval of his manager Mr. Roy Salinas are those who had confirmed and assisted her to gather the necessary data.STATISTICAL TREATMENTWith the purpose of identifying the relationship between the job sa tisfaction and organizational commitment among hotel employees in Tacloban City, the responses will be tallied, class and tabulated in appropriate table for analysis and a pie graph will be used for interpretation. To describe the profile of the respondents in terms of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, descriptive statistics particularly percentages will be employed. cryptograph Alternative HypothesisThere is no significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.The Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r) This was used to test the significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. formN (XY) (X) (Y)r = _____________________________________________________________ NX (X) NY (Y) WhereN = total number of respondentsXY = is the heart of product X and YX = is the summation of the sovereign variableX = is the summation of the square of XY = is the summation of the dependent variableY = is the sum mation of the square of Y literal descriptions of computed coefficients of correlations are as followsValue Percentage Interpretationr gradation of relationship0.0 to 0.20 0% 20% Negligible Correlation 0.21 to 0.40 21% 40% Low or Slight Correlation 0.41 to 0.70 41% 70% mute Correlation 0.71 to 0.90 71% 90% High Correlation 0.91 to 0.99 91% 99% Very High Correlation 1.00 100% Perfect Correlation

Fracture Resistance of Esthetic Post and Core Systems

Fracture Resistance of Esthetic Post and aggregate SystemsComparison of crevice oppositeness of three recent nice brook and effect forms with wind surface ring armor and warmness to compressive committaling An in vitro StudyABSTRACTAim To determine and compare the slip resistance of three recently introduced esthetic beture and plaza systems with a consider metal moorage and center to compressive loading employ a clinic bothy related test method.Materials and Methods Forty maxillary of import incisors were selected, sectioned and their reference endodontic exclusivelyy treated and assigned to 4 experimental multitudes (n=10).The cast metal note and core (CMPC) served as control multitude.The other groups are zirconium dioxide post and ceramic core group (ZCER), zirconium dioxide posts and composite core group (ZCOM) and glass fiber post and composite core group (GFCOM).The post spaces were prepared, posts were seated and cores were formed. A compressive load was applied to the inc maked surface on each specimen until failure occurred and measured in newtons.Results CMPC and ZCER groups exhibited the highest resistance fracture and the values are 680.6 N and 630.03 N respectively . ZCOM group exhibited fracture resistance greater than GFCOM but less than ZCER and CMPC.Conclusion CMPC group and ZCER group were found to be more fracture resistant than the ZCOM group and GFCOM group. deviation from its desirable esthetic properties,the ZCER group demonstrated high resistance to fracture.Keywords compressive loading, endodontic treatment, fracture resistance, post and coreINTRODUCTIONEndodontic therapy has provided dentistry the major power to concur teeth that just a few decades ago would overhear been extracted without hesitation.When there is substantial loss of coronal tooth structure callable to caries, combat injury or both, a post and core is often required to retain a definitive restoration.A post is usually position in an a ttempt to streng whence the tooth.1,2,3 However, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that a post cannot rein array endodontically treated teeth.4,5,6 Posts are required for supporting a core foundation when there is insufficient clinical crown remaining.4,5,6,7 Although cast post and core foundations are the gold standard for endodontically treated teeth, due to their superior physical properties and proven clinical effectiveness8 yet its mechanical properties may increase the risk of root fracture9. The esthetic properties of these materials are limited since the old colored post is apparent when go ford to support translucent all ceramic restorations. Coupled with a high lip line, cast metal post and core foundation may create esthetic problems.In the recent times, there has been a tremendous increase in the usage of all ceramic crowns, particularly for anterior teeth because of their superior essential appearance compared to metal ceramic restorations.10 Both the declining acceptance of cast post and core restorations as well as patients interest in alveolar esthetics has resulted in the development of esthetic posts, especially Glass case and Zirconia Ceramics.These increase the transmission of light within the root and superimposed gingival tissues, enhancing the esthetics. They likewise eliminate the potential hazards of corrosion and allergic hypersensitivity as they are metal free materials.11Glass fibers such as silicon dioxide or quartz reinforced epoxy resin posts have broken modulus of elasticity similar to that of dentin.12 This property has been reported to reduce the risk of root fracture. 13,14 Glass fiber reinforced posts also have the advantage of free removal if endodontic re-treatment is required. 15,16A prefabricated zirconia ceramic post system has been introduced to satisfy esthetic needs presented by endodontically treated anterior teeth. The translucency of all ceramic crowns can be successfully maintained with t he use of ceramic post and core materials. Moreover improvements in adhesive porcelain adhere systems have accelerated the trend toward the use of ceramic core materials. umteen dentists prefer to use prefabricated post systems because they are more practical, less high-ticket(prenominal) and in some situations less invasive than customized post and core systems. They also save time and can provide satisfactory results. 17,18,19The purpose of this in vitro study is to determine and compare fracture resistance of three esthetic post and core systems, Zirconia post and Ceramic core, Zirconia post and involved core and Glass Fiber post and Composite core with cast posts under compressive loading.METHODOLOGYForty extracted human permanent central incisors were selected based on similar dimensions,caries free,no restorations and cracks.The teeth were soaked in 3% sodium hypochlorite (Vishal Dentocare PVT LTD), for 6 hours.These forty teeth were divided into 4 groups meeting 1 Cast Me tal post and core (CMPC)Group 2 Zirconia posts and Ceramic core (ZCER)Group 3 Zirconia posts and Composite core (ZCOM)Group 4 Glass Fiber posts and Composite core (GFCOM)The coronal aspect of each tooth was resected perpendicular to the long axis and 1mm incisal to the cementoenamel junction, with a diamond coated disc (Horico) mounted in a sequent handpiece (NSK, Japan). Labiolingual and mesiodistal measurements of the sectioned tooth surfaces were made with a digital vernier calipers (Aero space, China).The roots were endodontically instrumented to the top victimization protaper rotary instruments (Dentsply,Maillefer) till F3 and obturated with protaper GP points (Dentsply,Maillefer) using ZOE sealer.Procedure for fabricating regularize coresTo obtain standardized cores, a ride pattern was fabricated from mould rise up (Sk Dental waxes, Bombay) which had 6.5mm diameter base, 7.3 mm diameter cervico incisally and 6.2mm buccolingually. Impression of the wax pattern was taken wi th rubber base impression material (Exaflex). thus dies were made from the impression material. Polyvinyl material was vacuum pressed on these dies.In this expression a hollow matrix was fabricated which had the same dimensions as that of the wax pattern. The base of the matrix was fitted flush to the sectioned tooth surfaces. Then 1 mm of the matrix was cut at the open end so that it acted as an inlet for the placement of composite resin.Procedure for preparation of forty samples For all the groups the post spaces were enlarged with peeso reamers no 2 and 3 (MANI CE 0197 meridian Dental Products PVT LTD) initially to a depth of 9mm. The final enlargements were accomplished with the 1.4 mm diameter drills that were specifically given with 1.4mm zirconia posts (Cosmoposts,Ivoclar Vivadent) and 1.4mm GF posts (Bioloren,Ammdent).All the posts have 1.4mm diameter and were sectioned to a standard length of 13mm using carbide fissure take and high speed airotor handpiece The length of the posts was 4 mm from the finish line into the core.In groups 2, 3 and 4 all the post spaces were etched using 37% orthorphosphoric acid (3M ESPE), for 30 sec and bonding was done using a bonding agent (3M ESPE) polymerized for 20 sec. Cementation was done using dual stage set resin luting agent ( Kerr,Orange,CA).Group 1 A command technique was used. The post pattern was fabricated using inlay wax. For the core part ,the polyvinyl matrix was fit(p) on the tooth, resin wax (Leva) was injected in to the matrix and polymerized. afterwards polymerization, the matrix was removed from the molded core. Then the stallion pattern was retrieved from the root, invested and cast. The cast post and core systems were then cemented into the roots using GIC.Group 2 Posts were seated into the prepared post space.Polyvinyl matrix was placed on the tooth surface, resin wax was then injected in to the matrix and polymerized for 20 sec to form the core. Matrix was then removed and retrieved post and core foundations from the roots were invested with a phosphate bonded investment (Deguvest). Wax was eliminated from the invested units in a pre wakened furnace (Unident) (800C for 45 minutes). Cores around zirconia posts were prepared using ceramic ingots (e-max, Ivoclar vivadent) heat-pressing process (975C for 45 min.) in a heat pressing furnace (Ivoclar vivadent). The formed ZCER foundations were then cemented into the post spaces.Group 3 After etching and bonding,posts were cemented in to the prepared post spaces. The matrix was seated on the sectioned tooth surface and composite core material (Z350, 3M ESPE) was placed in 2mm increments and polymerized for 20 sec. After polymerization, the matrix was removed from the molded cores.Group 4 Following etching and bonding posts were cemented into the prepared post spaces. The matrix was placed on the sectioned tooth surface and composite was placed in 2mm increments and was then polymerized for 20 sec. After polymerization, t he matrix was removed from the molded cores.LOADING partFollowing thermal cycling (5000 cycles between 5C and 55 C with a dwell time of 30 second) a oecumenical testing machine (Shimadzu, Japan) was used to apply a constant compressive load at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min, at a cxxx angle to the long axes of the test specimens, until failure ocurred. The tip of the loading pothouse was positioned to contact the centre of the palatoincisal surface at an angle of 90C. The force at failure was measured in newtons.RESULTSOne-way Analysis of edition (ANOVA) with Post HocTukey test was used to compare the score between the groups. A 95% confidence level was used for the ANOVA test. Results showed that there was substantive difference in the fracture resistance values obtained with different groups (p

Hamlet: In His Right Minds Eye :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

village In His Right Minds Eye Crazy, or not crazy- That is the question. The matter of Hamlets socalled imbecility, has been an item of debate since the first performance, and leave behindprobably be a continuing argument well into the future. I believe Hamlet wasnot crazy, because he proves to be in shade control of his psyche in several(prenominal)parts of the fit. These three reasons are the main points of argument forHamlets sanity. His behaviors is only erratic in front of authoritative hoi polloi, heshows logic and reasoning in his plotting, and finally, actually admits toseveral people to be only acting mad. These are hardly the actions of amadman. commencement of all, the fact that Hamlets irrational behavior emerges onlyin front of sure individuals shows he was only acting. He acts in fair infront of Polonius, Claudius, Gertrude and Ophelia, part remaining perfectlynormal in front of Horatio, Marcellus, the players and the gravedigger. Hamletconvinces Ophelia of his madness by going into her room with a look so mournful in purport as if he had been loosed out of hell to lecture of horrors,(2.1.92)and grabbed her and examined her face. Then he let out a sigh sopiteous and profound as it did seem to shatter all his mickle and end his being.(2.1.106) After that incident, Polonius believes, that Hamlets madness is thevery ecstasy of love.(2.1.115) Claudius is convinced, however, that that isnot the case. He believes that something else is troubling Hamlet. Love? Hisaffections do not that way tend Nor what he spake, though it lacked form alittle, was not like madness. theres something in his mind oer which hismelancholy sits on brood (3.1.176) After Hamlet kills Polonius, Gertrudebecomes in all convinced that Hamlet is Mad as the sea and the wind when two contend which is mightier.(4.1.7) With these characters convinced of hismadness, Hamlet is able to carry out several plans to avenge his fathers death. The logic he uses in his plots is pr oof of a sane mind. He successfullyuses the players to reveal Claudius is the murderer by changing the play theyperform to reenact the murder of Hamlets father. Let the galled jade cowerour withers are unwrung. . When the murder scene is enacted, Claudius calls forlights and storms out of the room. Claudius, knowing Hamlet is a threat, hashim sent to England along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. the two bear aletter that was to have Hamlet executed upon arrival in England.

The Summerhouse by Jude Deveraux :: essays research papers

The SummerhouseThe Main Characters Leslie Headrick A stubborn lady of the house and m early(a) of one boy and one girl. Living in Columbus, Ohio. She apply to be a dancer.Ellie Abbott A famous best selling novelist. She grew pall of supporting her husband they had a divorce and he took all her money. Ellie sees a therapist Jeanne who came up with the plan for the three best friends to spend their fortieth birthday with all(prenominal) other in a summerhouse (Jeannes Summerhouse) in Maine.Madison Appleby Madison used to be a feign but dropped her modeling career to help her high school gent recover from an accident.Plot Three best friends Leslie, Ellie, and Madison with the same birthday meet each other in a DMV office in New York. There they shared their past secrets and hopes for the future with each other also on that day they shared their 21st birthday with each other. After that they went their separate ways. Nineteen years later Madison and Leslie acquire an invitation from Ellie. The invitation was for the three of them to spend a long weekend in a summerhouse in a tiny town in Main. During their tarry in Maine they bought gifts to celebrate their birthday and souvenirs. In the items they bought they each found a card from a Madame Zoya offering them the chance of a lifetime to live over any three weeks from the past. When they went to the Madame Zoya she took a picture of them and then each of them obdurate for themselves as they fallow their dreams that got away. Each submits the life that will truly satisfy the longings the live deep inside their hearts. When they return they excite a choice. If they did non like the life they choose they could stick with their disused life and shut up whop everything that happened or they could go with their new like and erase everything they know or still know everything that happened. Madison went back to October 9, 1981 because she wanted to absorb her modeling career. Ellie went back three yea rs, seven months, and two weeks ago because she would have like to return earlier so shed have to a greater extent time to gather evidence. Leslie went back to April of 1980, the year before she graduated college, because she wanted to meet a boy she hadnt see in twenty years. After they all spent their three weeks in the past they choose which life they would like and wheatear or not they wanted to remember their old or new life.

Essay on Adams Curse - Everyones Fate, Everyones Tragedy

Adams curse word - Everyones Fate, Everyones Tragedy The allusion to the biblical story of Adam and Eve in William pantryman Yeats poem, Adams Curse, reflects the poems pessimistic theme the tragical nature of part. In the story, Adam and Eve, the premiere man and woman, had defied God, and consequently, were thrown out of paradise. Their punishment (and as their desc determinationents, everyones punishment and fate) was to feel the joys and the pains of creation human, including love and happiness but sound and disappointment as well. Yeats parallels this tragedy of Adam and Eves newly-found mortality with a chronicle which is composed mostly of a conversation about the hardships of writing poetry, being beautiful, and staying in love. By linking the two stories, he implies that such endeavors atomic number 18 not only laborious aspects of life, but can be destined to end or fail also. Yeats further establishes the inevitability of something ending by screen background th e conversation at one summers end (1) and later having the speakers see the sustain embers of daylight die (29) when the conversation itself dies. Before the conversation dies, however, Yeats persona begins the conversation with the subject of poetry. What is interesting is that they are not composing lines together, but are discussing the end results of poems lines. According to the persona, the process of creating poetry, including the hours spent in writing and revising the lines, or as Yeats states it, stitching and unstitching (6), ultimately leave alone be undistinguished if the lines are unsuccessful. Although he regards the act of writing poetry as more than difficult than physical labor, he would rather scrub a kitchen pavage (8) or do other labor-intensive, yet demeaning jobs, than cr... ...s despair in accepting that his and his lovers fate was to grow As weary-hearted as that hollow bootleg (38). The fact that this line, and not a happy, upbeat ending, closes th e poem further emphasizes the tragedy. Yeats melancholic turn towards the end of the poem is also indicative of what makes fate sometimes tragic its unpredictability. Similar to the way Adam was unaware of the consequences of eating the nix apple, a poet does not know how good, or bad, a poem will be until it is finished. Similar to the fleeting notion of beauty, love can soft fade. The fact that all these endeavors could be rewarding makes the sudden loss an unbearable, and therefore, tragic fate. Work Cited Yeats, William Butler. Adams Curse. Western Wind. 4th ed. Ed. John Frederick Nims and David Mason. Boston McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2000. 431-32.

Africa Essay -- essays research papers

The combination of individual and national power and the fate to go steady a safe route to the trade markets of the Indian oceanic lead the Europeans to the continent of Africa in the late 1400s. They would soon discover the abundance of its subjective resources and in the next four centuries would systematically trigger the sectionalization African societies. These acts would lead the Africans to be integrated into an exploited and racially rule advertize structures that would spread throughout the world. It began with the geographic expedition of the Lusitanian in and approximately westward Africa in the late 1400s to gain access to the Akan goldfields of westmost Africa. Once they gained access to these fields it helped finance future exploration round down the southern tip of Africa and reach the trade markets of the Indian Ocean. They purchased silk, spices, perfumes and different goods, pay it to Europe and sold it for a profit. They built the fort of Elmina i n watt Africa to protect their interests from other European countries who were also seeking contingency in Africa. When they reached the eastern coast of Africa it was amazed by the wealth of the Swahili States comprised of Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mombassa and Sofala, they treasured to fascinate them. They first sailed into the important towns and demanded the rulers to become Portuguese subjects and pay them tributes. When the rulers refused the Portuguese would wear the towns until they gave into them. They built a fortress called fort Jes... Africa Essay -- essays query papers The combination of individual and national power and the need to find a safe route to the trade markets of the Indian Ocean led the Europeans to the continent of Africa in the late 1400s. They would soon discover the abundance of its natural resources and in the next four centuries would systematically trigger the breakdown African societies. These acts would lead the Africans to be integrat ed into an exploited and racially dominated labor structures that would spread throughout the world. It began with the exploration of the Portuguese in and around western Africa in the late 1400s to gain access to the Akan goldfields of West Africa. Once they gained access to these fields it helped finance future exploration round the southern tip of Africa and reach the trade markets of the Indian Ocean. They purchased silk, spices, perfumes and other goods, return it to Europe and sold it for a profit. They built the fort of Elmina in West Africa to protect their interests from other European countries who were also seeking fortune in Africa. When they reached the eastern coast of Africa it was amazed by the wealth of the Swahili States comprised of Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mombassa and Sofala, they wanted to seize them. They first sailed into the important towns and demanded the rulers to become Portuguese subjects and pay them tributes. When the rulers refused the Portuguese would raid the towns until they gave into them. They built a fortress called fort Jes...

Themes of Ordinary People by Judith Guest :: essays research papers

There are many themes that occur and crowd out be interpreted several(predicate)ly throughout the novel. The three main themes that comport out most are improve, communication, and relationships. Ordinary People starts off already in a broken world. Buck has died, and Conrad has already attempted suicide, therefore, healing is a main focus throughout the book. Beth and Calvins marriage is likewise very rocky and they together are trying to see if things get out work out by healing and saving their relationship. Judith Guest shows the go through Conrads life and his progress to becoming completely healed. Beth and Calvins relationship is also monitored and in the subvert barely goes downhill by Beth leaving.Lack of communication and poor communication is a big business in the novel. Beth thinks she and Conrad have poor communication. This is clear when Beth gets mad at Conrad be cause wasnt the first to know that he quit swim team. Calvin and Beth have communication issues too. They always have different views on things. Beth cute to go on vacation and Calvin thought it was best to stay position until Conrad is settled again. Calvin wants to talk about everyones problems when Beth feels its best to hunt on, and forget about the past and only think about the future. Their wish of communication to agree on things turns their marriage from good to bad and Beth ends up leaving Calvin and Conrad.Relationships are a major issue in the book. Beth and Calvins, and Calvin and Conrads are the two main relationships that have problems. First off, Beth and Calvin have a very poor relationship from lack of communication. They both have different views and the just really never click anymore. Calvin tries to go to Dr. Berger for advice and in the end their marriage crumbles and Beth leaves the family. Calvin and Conrad dont have a very backbreaking relation ship in the beginning because Calvin wants to sit around hold for Conrad to heal and feels hes never g ood enough for Conrad, and Conrad just wants to go back to his regular life he had before and he also never really appreciated his dad.

Sense And Sensibility Themes Essay -- essays research papers

"Sense and Sensibility"In Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility in that respect is a theme that runs along with viriles in the novel. The first born sons argon forced to deal with the promotions and abilities that come along with the laws of primogeniture, yet even with each(prenominal) they get they do not lead an altogether happy life. The custody that are "first-born" are in fact too swayed by the spring and obligation that comes with their estates. In the novel the first sons are viewed in a negative light, yet the second-born sons have less responsibility to be what family wants them to be and are allowed to be his own. Although Edward Ferrars, is a firstborn, his mother disinherits him because of his lack of focus and ability to be all she wants him to be as John Dashwood remarks "Robert leave alone now to all intents and purposes be considered as the firstborn son." We know that Colonel Brandon is a second son because he has an previous(a)er brot her who married his old sweetheart, Eliza, many years before the novels plot begins. And whereas these characters are the heroes of the novel, all the eldest sons are cast in a negative light, including John Dashwood, Robert Ferrars, and Colonel Brandons former(a) brother. In Austens day, the eldest sons were the ones who inherited all the family property according to the laws of male primogeniture. However, in spite of these inheritance laws, it is the second sons who ultimately find cheer in the novel thus they make content lives for them...

Sponsors And Sports :: essays research papers

Sponsors and SportsIn the world of sports, everything from the cups the athletes drink from to thestadiums they play in is up for grabs. The four major sports argon a playing line of business for the teams as well as major companies hoping to influence the public.While on that point are some positives and negatives to sponsors, a line has to be drawnsomewhere. The four major sports, Major League Baseball, the National BasketballAssociation, the National football League, and the National Hockey League allgenerate millions of dollars from sponsors each year. unmarried athletesthemselves command large endorsement contracts that in many cases exceed their receive salaries. And although the heads of these sports try to limit the influenceof companies, they are still a major part of every game played. One of the morewidely know sponsors of sports is Nike. Their rivalry with Reebok and othershoe and apparel companies is seen on television and on the playing field.Advertising their comp any is the major concern when displaying their logos insports. Beverages, fast foods, credit cards, automobiles and a wide variety ofcompanies spend their bullion on sports related ventures. They spend big dollarsto name stadiums and arenas after their companies. video gives thesecompanies even more chances to influence the public with commercials thatcompanies might sometimes counterbalance up to $1 million for. The uniforms that theplayers wear are now be make my different manufacturers whereas five yearsago each league had all their teams wearing the same brand. The equipment beingused is also made by different companies. No matter what is being fought for,sponsors become solid and bad influences in each sport. Major League Baseball is recognize as the most popular sport. They also play the most games which is aplus to sponsors. Each game is seen as a chance to spread head word of their company.But MLB seems to be the least affected team advised by sponsors. This is bel ievablybecause of the strict rules set forth and also because of youthful work stoppagesand labor disputes. MLB was once the leader in innovative ideas involvingsponsors. Billboards are placed around the stadium in strategic spots that entrustbe noticed by fans and television. Stadiums are now being renamed by companieswilling to spend millions to have the stadium named after the company such as3Com Park in San Francisco. These short term deals can create a problem in thefuture though. Athletes are not as widely chosen for endorsement contracts asin other sports. This is probably because many players cannot make a huge

Use of Literary Techniques to Characterize Rachel in Cisneros’ Eleven E

Use of Literary Techniques to Characterize Rachel in Cisneros cardinalIn Eleven, written by Sandra Cisneros, Cisneros uses literary techniques such as diction and im suppuratery to characterize Rachels character during her transition from age ten to age 11. These literary techniques help to describe how Rachel feels in plastered situations while also explaining her qualities and traits. Through the use of these literary techniques Cisneros also collaborated on Rachels feelings when she was other ages and how she felt at that time during her life. The diction that Cisneros uses is descriptive. Her rowing help explain Rachels feelings more in depth. In the opening night line of Eleven it states, what they dont understand about birthdays and what they never tell you is when youre eleven, youre also ten, and nine, and eight, and seven, and six, and five, and four, and three, and two and one. From this quote Cisneros paints a picture of how Rachel feels about turning eleven. She shows an idea of how Rachel will be acting throughout most of the story. Not only does Cisneros use that lin...

Abortion Policy Essay -- Rights Birth Pregnancy Papers

Abortion PolicyAbortion is one of active six major edit out(p)s that the public fences when voting (Witwer). It is a complex issue that has been passionately debated for centuries. The various methods used to carry out the procedure put from disassembling the fetus and crushing the skull in order to suck it all out of the womans womb to the procedure called RU-486, that gives the woman a anovulant to prevent her body from giving the fetus the nutrients to stay alive. Also, some consider certain forms of birth control, Norplant, IUD, and emergency contraceptives to be spontaneous abortions as well. Many deal argue about when in the pregnancy abortions should be allowed, if there should be an age limit, if abortion should be allowed only in certain circumstances, if states should take root the legality of it, and if only certain procedures should be allowed. However, the key issue is should abortion be totally legalized, totally banned, or remain the way it is? legion(pre dicate) people have a stake in this issue. The issue of abortion affects every woman worldwide as well as workforce who find themselves involved in a authority related to abortion, and/or men who choose to concern themselves with such an ever-growing issue (Wlezien). Also, this issue affects the fetuses aborted, or permitted to live. There are generally two opposing sides to the issue where close to people find themselves the pro-life side and the pro-choice side. While it is adjust that men may find themselves involved in a situation related to abortion, the debate over it still remains predominantly egg-producing(prenominal) (Wlezien). Surveys, facts, and figures have indicated that the two sides are made up of vastly discordant people and their lifestyles (Wlezien). Pro-choice usually consists of young... ...89), pp. 229-230 patriarchal scholarly, print via internet in original, authoritativeWlezien, Christopher B. Goggin, Malcolm. The Courts, Interest Groups, and Pu blic Opinion about Abortion. semipolitical Behavior, Vol. 15, No. 4. (Dec., 1993), pp. 381-405. primary scholarly, print via internet in original, authoritative dirty Punishment, Forced Contraception, and Poor Treatment of Women by the Courts and Prisons. NARAL Pro Choice the States Foundation. 27 April 1999. 22 March 2004. http//www.naral.org/facts/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=1784. unrestricted, internet publication, obviously credibleU. S. National Library of Medicine. Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 2002. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002398.htm - 29k - Mar 8, 2004. primary scholarly, print via internet in original, authoritative

Oxymorons :: essays research papers

OXYMORONSA Act naturally Advanced BASIC Almost exactly Alone together American English Authentic replica Awfully good B (Top) destructive luck Baked Alaska Bittersweet Black light Blank bearing Bu underworldess ethics Butthead C (Top) California expressway Cardinal sin Christian Scientist Civil war Classic novel Classically new-made Clearly confused Cold comfort Communist leader fulgent absence Constant change Cowardly lion Criminal evaluator D (Top) Deafening silence Death benefits Definite maybe count thoughtlessness Down escalator Dry wine Dynamic remainder E (Top) Eloquent silence European Community Evaporated milk raze odds Exact estimate Extensive briefing Extinct spiritedness Eyes Wide Shut G (Top) Fairly dark illustrious Belgians Feminine logic Forgotten memories Found missing Free beloved Freezer burn Fresh-frozen Friendly fire Front end fun run Fuzzy logic G (Top) Genuine imitation nifty grief Government organization Government service keen Britain Great De pression Guest host H (Top) Hells Angels Highly underestimated Holy war Homeless shelter Hopelessly optimistic I (Top) Idiot novice Ill health Include me out Industrial park secondment classic Intense apathy J (Top) Job security big shrimp L (Top) Least favorite Light heavyweight fluent gas Little giant Live recording Living asleep(predicate) Loosely packed Loose tights M (Top) Make bang slowly Managed competition Microsoft Works Mild abrasive Mild intensity Military intelligence Minor crisis Modern history N (Top) native additives Noble savage Non-alcoholic beer Non-working mother Normal deviation Nothing a lot Numb feeling O (Top) Oddly appropriate Old tidings Only choice Open secret Original copy P (Top) Paid volunteer Paperless ofice Passive aggression ease force Peace offensive Peacekeeper missile Plastic wood Positively cynical sign up release Pretty ugly Pronounced silence R (Top) hit-or-miss order Rap music Real potential Recorded tolerate Resident alien Rock o pera Rolling stop S (Top) Safe sex Safety hazard

Ageism and the Media Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Ageism and the Media Wo hands over forty ar constantly beingness either ignored or belittled in the media. There be countless wo men in their twenties and early thirties all over television receiver and the movies. In magazines, the models tend to be much adolescenter. Many atomic number 18 under twenty. Model Roxanne Daner is single 17, but her career will be over by the time shes 20. Im afraid to get old. I already feel old. I homogeneous to tell people that Im 17, because 17 sounds young and they think that there is so much ahead for you. But 18, its like there is not that much more - theres really only deuce more years. (Changing Face of Beauty Illusions). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 42% of Americans are fourty and older. In 1999, the Screen Actors Guild reported that only 1 in three roles went to performers over fourty. However, women over fourty fared worse than men of the same age. epoch 37% of male roles in television and film went to men fourty-years-o ld and over, only 24% went to women of the same age. 34% of male lead roles went to older men while only 21% went to older female leads. These depictions of older females are far from accurate when compared to the population. Now thats not to say that theres zip start there - surly there are some additions to the re-runs of the Golden Girls - the connect of Madison County, even older sex symbols like Sean Connery. But nothing commensurate with the size, wealth, and media dedication of the older population. (Starr) Of the top ten network television shows (excluding reality shows and game shows) for March 5-11, 2001 all ten portrayed men over forty while only seven portrayed women over forty. There were twenty-five males and seven females over forty. For every one female, t... ...ww.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/illusions2.html feeling conviction merriment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty Models http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/models.h tml Life m Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty Views. Sela Ward http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views5b.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty Views. Maricia Gillespie http//www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Douglas, Susan J. Where the Girls Are Growing Up Female with the Mass Media. New York ergodic House Publishing, 1994, 278. Starr, Bernard. IT AINT JUST PAINTAGING AND THE MEDIA http//www.longevityworld.com/justpaint.html. 1997 Wolff, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. New York Doubleday Publishing, 1991

Buddhism Essay -- essays research papers fc

High in the mountains of the Himalayas chants ring out from the Tibetan monastery. For most this is a dream-like vacation to a far away land. For some of the people who follow in Tibet and India this is everyday life as a Buddhist. Buddhism revolves around a strict code of daily rituals and meditations. To an outsider they can seem incomprehensible or even odd, but these are the paths to enlightenment and ghostly salvation. end-to-end the centuries, Buddhism has evolved into a major religion in Asia and other parts of the origination.The mystical roots of Buddhism can be traced back to the first century BCE. Buddhism began with the endure of Siddhartha Gautama. When Siddhartha was born he was noticed as having the 32 auspicious signs of an learned person one (Clark and embrown 3). His father, fearing Siddhartha would shun his inheritance, confined him to the w all in alls of the palace, never allowing his son to find want or suffering. However, Siddhartha on several occasio ns ventured outside the edge of the palace. On one of his visits into the city he saw an ascetic mendicity for alms in the city square. It was then that he realized that there was means beyond physical existence (Clark and Brown 3). Siddhartha then gave up his possessions to bet for enlightenment. He discovers that by following the path of moderation, one can depart enlightened (Clark and Brown 3). And so, he attained Buddhahood. Afterwards Buddha, the name stipulation to an enlightened one, travels through India preaching and educating others about the middle path (Clark and Brown 3). From this, Buddhism was born.The religion of Buddhism is not entirely in a sphere of its own. In fact, it combines several influences born in and around the Asian continent. The first religious influence is Taoism. Taoism embraces the belief in the fluid like spirit that flows throughout everyone and everything. The primary belief of Taoists is that the universe is in constant change. Taoists bel ieve that spirit and the earth is constantly in flux. Simply, the onlyconstant in the world is change. When individuals learn that growth and movement are natural and necessary, they can construct balanced (Clark and Brown 7).Taoism teaches self-control and the importance of meditation in hard-hitting for enlightenment. &nbs... ...ver which the imperial family presided, had been largely eclipsed by Buddhism (Ralph et al 34). Aspects of the religion have in any case moved into the U.S., Growing interest in Asian culture and spiritual values in the West has led to the development of a upshot of societies devoted to the study and practice of Buddhism. Zen has grown in the united States to encompass more than a dozen meditation centers and a issue of actual monasteries (McDermott 2). The Buddhist religion encompasses a large spectrum of people all diverse but united under the words and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. Works CitedClark, Laura, and Suzanne Brown. Vietnamese Buddhi sm. 18 Jan. 2000. .Dharma Haven. Healing, Relaxing and Awakening Tibetan Buddhist Methods. 16 Jan. 2000. . 18 May 1999.Hansen, Jytte. Mandala. 17 Jan 2000. . 1 March 1997McDermott, James Paul. Buddhism Today. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99.Ralph, Phillip Lee, et al. terra firma Civilizations Their History and Culture. 9th edition. New York Norton, 1997.

discovering individuality Essay -- essays research papers

A journey is something that must be done in everyones manner. The journey starts when the person is born and ends when they die. People are tout ensemble meddlesome for their own things. whatever search for things like money, power, fame, knowledge, tranquility, understanding, and a sense of who they are. Some people do just for the thrill of adventure. Siddhartha wants to strike his individual engineer in society by means of personal experience and follow no one elses ideas but his own.Siddharthas journey takes him through opposite open upations which are represented geographically through the three different part of the story. In the first part of the book he travels through the world of the spirit and intellect during his time with the Brahmins, Samanas, and the meeting with the Buddha. He journeys through the demesne with his friend Govinda in search of peace through the intellect. He learns all about a religion and after experiencing all that it has to offer feels unsatiable and moves on to find something new in hopes of finding peace. His meeting with the Buddha is where he truly begins to find his way. When he was listening to the Buddha he realized, "...you have reached the highest finish which so many thousands of Brahmins and Brahmins sons are striving to reach. You have done so by your own seeking, in your own way, through thought, through meditation, through knowledge, through sense. You have learned nothing through teachings, and so I think, O Illustrious One, that nobody finds salvation through teachings." (Siddhartha, Hermann Hesse 33-34). Siddhartha realizes that the Buddha found enlightenment in his own way, and so Siddhartha realizes that he too must find his own way to true peace. After departing from Govinda and the Buddha he crosses the river, which is the symbolic centrifuge between the world of the intellect and the world of the physical, to see what a life in the city has to offer him. While there Siddhartha th oroughly indulges himself in all that the city has to offer. He becomes fat and wealthy and enjoys his time in the company of Kamala. Over the course of the twenty years he spend there he came to realize that the life of the senses brought him no closer to the peace that he had been seeking. Hesse shows that it is time for Siddhartha to move on through one of his favourite stylistic techniques, the dream (Understanding Hermann Hesse 102). After... ...nd Siddhartha ends up getting another teacher in spite of the fact that he promised himself that he would not have any longer teachers since the Buddhas teachings had not attracted him. Part of what made Siddhartha such a good book was the fact that it was taken from personal experiences that Hermann Hesse had experienced, and his personal set of beliefs. Hesse went through a phase where he doubted the belief in religion in general and he follows no set code of religious beliefs. Hesse found a Christ in everyone and, is Siddhartha, he finds a Buddha in everyone (Understanding Hermann Hesse 101). He used this part of his life to write the first part of Siddhartha. However, the secondly part proved to be quite a bit more than challenging than the first. Hesse took time off from writing Siddhartha and began to study Lao Tse which was expound as "the liberating experience that permitted him to finish the book" (102). For the second part he wrote about his experiences in the world around him. He described things that he had witnessed and experienced while living in the big city. Both of those separate came to him easily because they were things he had seen and experienced for himself.