The Cases of Hirabayashi and Korematsu v United States Essay Example for Free

The Cases of Hirabayashi and Korematsu v join States EssayThe fall in States, after the fatal attack of the japanese in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was forced to enter World War II. There were a few of Nipponese inventory who, due to the immigration that begun since before 1885, were in the mainland America. Many feared what these Japanese-Americans would side on their home country of Japan that would possibly lead to a self-made invasion of Japan. The fact that Japan has invaded one after other Pacific island where American forces were based did not help the public opinion of many regarding the Japanese on the fall in States. As a sentry dutyary measure, President Franklin D. Roosevelt has enacted two executive orders to prevent incidents of subversions and espionage from Japanese-Americans. Two Japanese-Americans were pitch to be guilty of violating these laws which has ultimately brought their cases to the United States Supreme Court. On February 13, 1942, Roose velt signed Executive hostel 9066 which be troops areas in the United States and authorized the removal of Japanese-Americans within these military areas.The Order declared that the successful execution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national defense-material, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities (United States Supreme Court USSC, 1944). It also provided assembly centers for those who will ultimately be transferred to evacuation camps. As a result, approximately 120,000 Japanese-Americans were in immurement camps (Schaefer, 2008). temporary hookup the evacuation carried out with little difficulty, there were those who militantly defied the order.The Japanese American Citizens League, an organization founded in 1924, hoped that cooperating with the American decision will lead to sympathetic consideration when the tension subsided. Of those who resisted the order was Toyosaburo Korematsu. Korematsu was a US-born Japanese-American who stayed in San Leandro, atomic number 20 and knowingly violated the Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34an order based upon the provision of Executive Order 9066. The Civilian Exclusion Order No.34, an order issued by the Commanding global of the Western Command, directed that all persons of Japanese ancestry should be excluded from San Leandro, California (USSC, 1944). Korematsu was arrested and was found guilty of the violation. He challenged the constitutionality of the Order and held that it is in violation of the provision in the Fifth Amendment stating that no person shall be divest of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall private property be taken for public use, without solely compensation. The question of loyalty was not raised. Furthermore, the evacuees were forced, charged with no crime and could not leave without official adulation (Schaefer, 2008). This is crucial in that, as Schaefer explained, the Japanese-A mericans that were forced to resettle in evacuation camps were instructed that they were to carry only personal items. No provision was made for shipping their household goods and the federal government took a few step to safeguard their belongings they left behind (Schaefer, 2008).The Court (1944) firm that the need to protect against espionage from persons of enemy descent, of Japanese descent in Korematsus case, far outweighs their rights as provided for by the Fifth Amendment. The Court held that the military government were charged with the protection of the American soils. Furthermore, the Civilian Exclusion Order is in concord to the provisions of the congressional authority to the military allowing them to identify who should and who should not remain in areas threatened with invasion, espionage or sabotage.The court explained that they concur no doubts that most of the evacuees were loyal to the United States. They reasoned that the exclusion of the entire Japanese-Ame rican population was brought upon the contention that the un-American could not be immediately segregated from those who are loyal to the United States. The Court (1944) explained that there were members of the conclave who retained loyalties to Japan, a fact that has been confirmed by investigations made subsequent to the exclusion. It has been found that approximately quintet thousand American citizens of Japanese ancestry refused to swear unqualified obedience to the United States and to renounce allegiance to the Japanese Emperor, and several thousand evacuees requested repatriation to Japan (USSC, 1944). While the Court (1944) held that compulsory exclusion of monolithic groups of citizens from their homes is inconsistent with basic governmental institutions, when under conditions of modern warfare our shores are threatened by conflicting forces, the power to protect must be commensurate with the threatened danger. Finally, the Court (1944) explained thatKorematsu was no t excluded from the Military field of view because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West gliding and felt constrained to take proper security measures, because they decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily, and finally, because Congress, reposing its confidence in this time of war in our military leaders-as inevitably it must-determined that they should have the power to do just thisAnother case wherein a Japanese-American has challenged the United States government, particularly of its military institution, was the case of Kiyoshi Hirabayashi v United States. This time, the guilty was found to be violating the Act of Congress of March 21, 1942 requiring all persons of Japanese ancestry to be in their place of residence between 800pm to 600am. The Act was also in accordance to Executive Order 9066.The Courts ruling was also in favor of the United States. While the Hirabayashi case was earlier decided, it has been greatly overshadowed by the Korematsu case due to the fact that exclusion was more positive than that of the curfew rule. However, the Supreme Court decision made on the Korematsu case relied and affirmed the decision in the Hirabayahi case. Korematsu and Hirabayashi some(prenominal) challenged the constitutionality of the rules enacted based on Executive Order 9066.They claimed that the rules violated the provisions of the Fifth Amendment stating that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of lawa provision that was violated when the military institution has apprehended Korematsu and Hirabayashi and all other Japanese-Americans without questioning and even the indication of treason or disloyalty to the United States government.Unsurprisingly, the United States Supre me Court ruled in favor of the federal government, giving precaution for espionage and sabotage from persons of enemy descent during the time of war as a justification for such rules enforce based on Executive Order 9066. They held that the rules were not insomuch as a racial hurt against citizens of Japanese ancestry but was necessary for the war efforts to be successful. The Court, however, clarified that the rules based on the Order should only be imposed until such time when the war is over.The Japanese-Americans lost much of their property and were destroy economically. After World War II, the United States federal government paid $35 million to the Japanese-Americans who were impact to compensate for the loss of property. However, the total loss was estimated to be worth up to $400 million. References Schaefer, R. (2008). Japanese Americans. In Racial and Ethnic Groups 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJL Prentice Hall. United States Supreme Court. (1943). Kiyoshi Hirabay ashi v United States. 320 US 81. United States Supreme Court. (1944). Toyosaburo Korematsu v United States. 323 US 214.

Superpower Machine Essay Example for Free

Superpower Machine Essay all(prenominal) once in a while I raiset help but think almost what it would be like if I have powers. If I can build a machine that can do anything, I want a machine that can transform me into any hero I want with any superpower there is. It would be an amazing thing to have the ability to do something noble and help race while having fun at the same time. In case of an emergency, I can turn into someone with superman or batman powers or any other hero depending on the situation. For example,if there was any trouble at sea, I can turn into Aqua man or if speed is needed I can easily become Flash. Another power that I am curious enough to try is the power of invisibility. I think it would be exciting to observe people when they do not screw that anybody is around. I would also love to have the power to read psyche elses mind. Although somethings argon better left unsaid, still, it would be brilliant to know what people are thinking.The bottom conten tion is that these heroes make a big impact in the lives of people they do not yet know and I want to be a part of it. Hackneyed as this may sound, Uncle Ben was right in saying that with great powers have great responsibilities. Saving the say is not all about the glamor and the excitement like what televisions and movies are portraying. Everyday we have regular unsung heroes like policemen and fireman who are willing to go to inside a burning building at the verge of collapse with unspoilt saving the trapped victim inside.In our everyday lives we encounter heroism that we do not even notice because we have our own notion about what a hero is and what it would be like to be saved. A man giving up his seat in the subway or a new(a) lad helping an old lady cross the street this is a typical picture of the modernistic day hero. They are no batman or superman but they end up saving the day. I guess I do not need any machine to make a distinction in the world after all but it woul d still be great to have it as an option.

They Carried the Truth Essay Example for Free

They Carried the Truth EssayTim OBrien uses a preposterous narrative style as he, the narrator, details the lives of the work force from his platoon in the Things They Carried. It is to a greater extent about the manpower (and what happens to their minds) who fought the Vietnam war than the war itself, and even though OBrien admits that the stories are not true, they certainly could be.The novel is about the lives of the manpower in Jimmy Cross platoon during the Vietnam war, as narrated by OBrien. Each man has his admit topics to carry in his rucksack, both physical items for war, safety, and food, and, in the same token, mental anxieties and deep, to the highest degreely unexpressed fears as well. The novel unfolds as the men deal with the war a few die, one brings his girlfriend (a pampered thing in a pink sweater) out for a visit, and some, including Cross, seek revenge on their own men in moments of weakness. Thats what war can do to a man.In chapter one, a reader l earns that by daylight they took sniper fire, at night they were mortared, but it was not battle, it was just the endless march, village to village, without purpose, nothing win or lost1. This is perhaps the most pivotal statement in the novel, because at once it details the indolent aspect of the war, while at the same time demonstrating the bravery and sheer doggedness of the men who play off iteven if the war seems to involve no purpose other than killing. Each chapter reveals a bit more about the men of the platoon in the form of a longish anecdote while the reader is acclimated, to the highest degree as quickly as the men, to the horrors and difficulty of being a soldier.Now, OBriens novel is unique for two reasons. First, he inserts himself in as the narrator, and second, he admits that this is a work of fiction (even though he did fight in the Vietnam war), but also concludes that his tales could quite possibly be truebecause all things have an ounce of truth when it co mes to war. Like the narrator, OBrien also went to war because he was scared not to (even though he was against what it stood for), which lends an interesting double-life to the narrator as his tales become even more authoritative and honest than he realizes. While this may be a work of fiction because the spine says so, the fact that OBrien lived it makes each event and character more vivid and realistic because of the inherent truth driving them. Moreover, there are three main themes, among others, that run throughout the novel bravery, how war effects a soldier both physically and mentally, and, as OBrien admits in the first chapter, a readers understanding of the truth he weaves with fiction, because, only stories that reveal the truth can be true. This is a story about the men who could have fought the war, how they dealt with it, and what kind of men the frightening, deadly jungles of Vietnam made them become.Overall, OBrien tells a story that could have happened. A reader le arns about the men of the platoon based on the things they carried, which serves the double purpose of furthering the story while braggy each soldier a deeper, darker depth to his character. As a study of the Vietnam war, this is probably not the most explicitly accurate text, but this is not a story about war, it is about what war does to a man.1 OBrien, Tim. Things They Carried. (New York Random House, 1990), 15.

Women Abuse in India Essay Example for Free

Women Abuse in India EssayViolence against women in IndiaViolence against women in India isnt just a current issue, but rather has deep seated traditional grow in the culture. In order to combat the problem, we must understand its causes. In India, the problem of frenzy against women is a result of a long standing power imbalance between men and women. Men contract control over access to property and resources. There is also a sexual division of fatigue in India that results in female exploitationphysic aloney, mentally, and commercially. Oppression in IndiaWomen in India atomic chip 18 subject to all forms of violence. Female infanticide is quite common in Haryana and Punjab because there is a preference for sons because male children carry on the family lineage. The education of sons is also considered much more important. In these two states, the sex ratio is lower than the internal average. Discrimination within the householdWithin the household, there exists gender d iscrimination which determines intra-household distribution of food. Because women and girls ar given up less food than men, malnutrition among adolescent girls and women is quite prevalent in India. Lack of opportunity to work cod to lower educational levels, a woman has a much lower capacity to earn. Women from speeding castes are seldom allowed to work outside the home. However, work participation rate among low caste women is better compared to that of upper caste women. Honor killingsHonor killings are quite common in Haryana and Tamil Nadu when young girls connect somebody outside their caste and clan against her familys wishes. Women as propertyDowry is demanded from the husbands side (in-laws) when younger women get married. Newly married women become subject to verbal and physical guy. In many cases, young brides are burnt to death by her in-laws if the parents fail to meet the requisite constituent demanded. Women are also viewed in terms of their virginity, as chast ity is considered as a great virtue. In terms of family planning, women have been used as the subjects of experiments. Governments promote contraceptives to lower fertility among women, at thebehest of multinational corporations and the collective sector, without thinking about their consequences. Population control and family planning is considered a way to control womens sexuality. pic posted on Flicker by Mckay Savage.Data on violence against womenIn a province like India, it is difficult to rely on statistics pertaining to rape cases. The data may show that such crimes beingness committed may be going up or down. But in reality, women are agoraphobic of even lodging FIRs (First Information Report) in police stations despite being raped or sexually harassed. The judiciary and the legal system are biased in favor of men. Cases of violence against women are under-reported. According to the latest National Crime Records Bureau 2007, a total of 1,85,312 incidents of crime against women (both under Indian Penal Code-IPC and Special and Local Laws-SLL) were reported in the country during 2007 as compared to 1,64,765 during 2006, thus recording an append of 12.5% during 2007.These crimes have continuously increased during 2003-2007 with 1,40,601 cases in 2003, 1,54,333 cases in 2004, 1,55,553 in 2005, 1,64,765 cases in 2006 and 1,85,312 cases in 2007. The total number of sexual harassment cases were 10,950 in 2007. The total number of cases pertaining to cruelty by husband and relatives was 75,930. There were 61 cases of importation of girls. Altogether there were 38,734 cases of molestation in 2007. (See the URL http//ncrb.nic.in/cii2007/cii-2007/FIGURES_2007.pdf). The number of rape cases has increased by nearly ten fold from 2487 in 1953 to 20737 in 2007. Young girls also become victims of child abuse at the hands of their closest male relatives, which they are unable to resist. What can be doneWhen women protest against their exploitation, many try to si lence them. The experience of Bhanwari Devi, the sathin from Rajasthan, is a case in point. She was gang-raped for working against child man and wife practiced by the upper castes in her village. According to the NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) 2008, respect for women seem to be the crush in Andhra Pradesh, which accounted for 83.5 per cent of cases under Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act of total cases across the country. Out of a total 1,200 such cases, Andhra had registered 1,005 incidents inthis regard. The NCRB data clearly points to the profile of the average rapist over 75% were known to the victims. In fact, nearly 10% were relatives. Another disturbing aspect was that about a ass of the rape victims were minors. During the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in September 1995, the get together Nations Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, said that violence against women is a universal problem that must be universally condemned. T he United Nations has termed violence against women as a gross violation of human rights. In India, a survey showed that for each relative incidence of violence, women lost an average of 7 working days. Role of mediaMedia that includes television, radio and newspapers can play a optimistic role in creating awareness about the pitfalls of violence against women. Mass medias power should not be undermined by our policy makers See more at http//www.conversationsforabetterworld.com/2009/12/violence-against-women-in-india/sthash.rCyr6L9P.dpuf

Fruit Fly Introduction Essay Example for Free

Fruit Fly Introduction EssayThe purpose of this lab is to understand how severally materialization inherits its genotype and how its phenotype reflects it. Sex chromosomes determine the kindle of the publication, and the autosomes consist of all the other chromosomes that determine phenotypic features. Dominant traits are the ingredients that are expressed, maculation the recessionary traits are masked by the dominant traits. We apply Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), mutating the effeminate fruit fly with a beautify component to change the phenotype of its materialization and use phallics with genes showing wild-type. Placing WT males and SD females in the same vile, we provided the flies an atmosphere to mate, giving us materialisation with mixed genotypes and phenotypes. This look into will reflect the breeding of fruit flies and how genes are present within adults as sound as passed down through the offspring. Our four hypotheses related to direction of h eritage that was used to pass the gene. The mode of inheritance for the scalloped gene is autosomal dominant. The genotype of the female mention is homozygous dominant. The male parent genotype is homozygous recessive.From this shot we expect all of the offspring to have a heterozygous genotype, and the offspring would all be scalloped. The mode of inheritance for the scalloped gene is autosomal recessive. The genotype of the female parent is homozygous recessive. The genotype of the male parent is homozygous dominant. From the likely action we can expect the offspring to have heterozygous genotypes, but the offsprings phenotype would be wild type. The mode of inheritance for the scalloped gene is sex-linked dominant. The genotype of the female is homozygous dominant.The genotype of the male parent is hemizygous recessive. From this surmise we can expect all the female offspring to be heterozygous and all the male offspring to be hemizygous dominant. Both male and female offsp ring would be scalloped.. Finally, the mode of inheritance for the scalloped gene is sex-linked recessive. The genotype of the female parent is homozygous recessive. The genotype of the male parent is hemizygous dominant. From this possibility we can expect all the females to have heterozygous genotypes and all the male offspring to have hemizygous recessive genotypes.In this prediction, all the male offspring would be scalloped, while the females would be wild type.. The hypothesis that stated the mode of inheritance for the scalloped gene is autosomal dominant, and the mode of inheritance for the scalloped gene is sex-linked dominant predicted that all of the offspring are scalloped. To set up the reciprocal cross, the pas seul gene was given to the male rather than the female from the first experiment and the female received the wild-type. The first hypothesis stated was that the mode of inheritance for scalloped is autosomal dominant.In this hypothesis the female genotype was homozygous recessive while the males was homozygous dominant. The offspring from this cross had heterozygous genotypes and expressed the mutant phenotype. . The mode of inheritance for scalloped is autosomal recessive. In this cross, the male parent had a homozygous recessive genotype, while the female had a homozygous dominant genotype. The result of this was that all of the offspring had a heterozygous genotype and expressed the wild type phenotype. The mode of inheritance for scalloped is sex linked dominant.In this cross the female parent had a homozygous recessive genotype while the male had a hemizygous dominant genotype. The female offspring from this cross were heterozygous and expressed the mutant phenotype, while the male offspring had a hemizygous recessive genotype and expressed the wild type phenotype. The mode of inheritance for scalloped is sex linked recessive. In this cross, the female parent had a homozygous dominant genotype while the male parent had a hemizygou s recessive genotype. The female offspring of this cross had a heterozygous genotype while the males had a hemizygous dominant genotype.All offspring expressed the wild type phenotype. Each of the Punnett squares are possible outcomes of offspring phenotypes based on the genotypes of the parents. By comparing our results to that of the Punnett squares we will be satisfactory to determine, through process of elimination, whether or not the mutation is a dominant or recessive trait and if it appears through an autosomal or sex linked chromosome. Based on the phenotypes of the offspring, we can infer the identifications of the parental genotypes.

Level 3 Diploma Perioperative Support Essay Example for Free

Level 3 Diploma Perioperative Support EssayExplain how and why person centred values must influence all in all aspects of health and social c ar work Some of the person centred values that influence aspects of health and social attention are Good communication How By using good communication you can regress a person centred approach to care. Giving a diligent/ private as information as possible is a way of good communication, inform them what you are doing before you do it and while you are doing it, explain why you ordain be doing what you are doing or about to do and let them receive what to expect i. . if you are about to canulate them let them know that they may feel a lemonlike scratch Why Giving a forbearing/individual constant information helps fudge the patient feel at ease as they feel more involved in what is going on and have a clear understanding of what is going on , this also trusts the individual the knowledge of what will be happening and why. Communic ation is a key element in freehanded person centred care Choice HowBy asking a patient/individual if they would like to keep there listening aid in while I take the patient vanquish to theatre I am giving them a choice whether they would like to remove there hearing aid or get hold of to keep it on. Why By giving patients/individuals choices you are giving them a bit of control in an environment where patients can feel they have no control over what is happening and by giving them small options it can pay back them feel a bit more in control and give them some dignity and respect.Making time How In main theatres it can be hard to make time for patients as time is usually of the essence and the need for keeping the theatre list paltry quickly and efficiently is paramount, but by simply talking to your patient while you are transporting them down to theatre can make all the difference, it helps calm the patient down, taking there mind absent the operation they are about to hav e. By talking to them while you are transporting them you are still keeping to the time limits set out before you.Why Making time for a patient/individual is probably the most important thing you can do in a system where the patient may feel like there being dragged from pillar to post in a occupy department where no one has time for them and feel that its a case of get them in get them out attitude. Taking just two minutes out of your schedule can make a massive difference to a patient as it helps reassure them that they are not forgotten which makes the patient feel important and not a burden on the system.

Scary Story Essay Example for Free

Scary Story endeavorWhen I fin totallyy fell asleep I was running. To this day I do not live on what from. Whatever it was it must have been the most terrifying thing ever to exist for I chance onmed to be running without trying to. It was as if I had almost no control over my body. I adjureed to see what I was running from so I tried to open my eyes. I dont have intercourse what I was expecting to happen. Perhaps I thought that my body would not respond to my commands as it didnt with the running. whence it was a surprise to me when at my first attempt to open my eyes they did. I so wish I hadnt.What I proverb still haunts me most nights. I k straight that it was worse than any hatred story ever made. For that reason I have great difficulty in dictating what I saw on that dreadful night not just emotionally still for the fact that the words do not exist to express exactly what I saw but I will do my best. It was worse than any horror story ever made there was a rich smooth dripping d take the walls that looked suspiciously like blood. And it was not just dripping it was splattered over the walls as if some unmatched had been brutally murdered there.There were scratches in the walls, like someone- no not just someone- but a child by the size of the marks-had literally worn their fingers down to the knuckles trying to escape, as if that was there only way to survive. It did not seem logical that they stopped there at the clip for it looked then like there were miles and miles left before the end of that gruesome tunnel. But then my feet felt up as if they were on fire. I looked down and I saw then why those poor fateful souls had stopped there.Nails two inches long at least, sticking up out of the floor, and the walls and the ceiling, but these nails were red hot. I mean you could actually see the words scratched lightly on the wall turn back this is your objurgate and little scratchy tally marks all over the top of hundreds of tiny little sk eletons all stuck on the spikes like spoils of war. As I looked at the skeletons time seemed to turn backwards these pale discolorise white bones seemed to grow untrieder and then it started.They grew rotting flesh on the bones with maggots front crawl in and out and then the flesh grew and grew, the maggots still crawling around. Then the flesh started developing and forming scrape and then the faces started screaming out in pain calling out for their mothers and fathers. Then the screaming escalate louder and louder until it reached a deafening pitch and volume thousands of stagnant children screaming in fright, pure terror in their eyes but they were all looking in different directions, at the spikes that were brandishing them where they were slumped. Then the spikes started growing and lengthening. growing through with(predicate) the bodies of these thousands of children, all still while they are screaming themselves to death without taking a individual(a) breath. That w as the only sign that they were not living and breathing, that and the fact that the blood from where the spikes bored holes in their young frail bodies was gushing onto the floor faster than I ran through that awful tunnel. The layer of blood was growing and taking over the floor until it was lapping over my still running feet which were stepping, I just realised, on every single spike they could find, until they grew too huge.I tripped while my foot was still speared by the now over foot long spikes. As I fell into the deep layer of blood assembling on the floor I felt the spikes attack every inch of my skin, gouging through my eyes, carrying on through my brain, paralyzing me and then shattering my skull until I was face flat in the blood. The blood of thousands of dead children swelling in my ears, filling my mouth as I try to scream out for help, going up my intrude as I try to take a breath. I could feel myself dying.I could feel my own warm blood filling my skull and drench ing my hair. I knew I was going to die. I tried and failed for one last breath, the blood of all those poor children. Children whose parents would have never had closure for their deaths, some still thought that their babies will one day come home, knowing in their heart of hearts that they are dead and never coming back, filling my lungs. And then I woke up drenched in a thick cold sweat, terrified, of ever sleeping again.